Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Fish By-Product Collagen as Promising for Potential Wound Healing Agent in Pharmaceutical Applications: Current Trend and Future Perspective

Table 1

Summary of fish collagen productivity by different extraction method and characterization of isolation of collagen from various species of fish.

Fish species	Source collagen	Extraction method	Characterization	Productivity	References
Clown featherback (Chitala ornata)	Skins	Acid soluble collagen (ASC) assisted with ultrasonication treatment	Triple-helical structure—type I collagen	Ultrasonication treatment increases collagen extraction yield (27.18-57.35%) compared to standard process (23.46%)	[45]
Snakeheads (Channa striata)	Skin, scales	Acid soluble collagen (ASC)	Type I	The recovery yield of fish skin (13.6%) was significantly greater than the recovery yield of a mixture of fish skin and scale (12.09%)	[23]
Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus canicula, Xiphias gladius, and Thunnus albacares	Skin	Pepsin soluble collagen (PSC)	Type I	Collagen yield was obtained from the skin of two species of teleost, and chondrichthyes were 14.16% and 61.17%, respectively	[52]
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)	Scales	Acetic acid and ultrafine bubbles	Type I	Scales were used to extract collagen, which resulted in a yield of 1.58%	[27]
Lutjanus sp.	Bone	Hydroextraction method	Triple-helical structure—type I collagen	In this experiment, the collagen yield was 4.535%, with a protein concentration of 8,815 mg/mL	[39]
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)	Scales	Acid soluble collagen (ASC); pepsin soluble collagen (PSC)	Triple-helical structure—type I collagen	The collagen extraction yields of ASC and PSC were 5.09% and 12.06%, respectively	[8]
Seabass (Lates calcarifer)	Scales	Acid soluble collagen (ASC); pepsin soluble collagen (PSC)	Triple-helical structure—type I collagen	Yields of collagen from ASC and PSC were 0.38 and 1.06%, respectively	[6]
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)	Skin	Acid soluble collagen (ASC); pepsin soluble collagen (PSC)	Type I collagen with triple-helical structure	Fermentation-ASC (FASC) and fermentation-PSC (FPSC) yields were 4.76 and 8.14 wt%, respectively; chemical-ASC (CASC) and chemical-PSC (CPSC) yields were 4.27 and 7.60 wt%, respectively	[3]
Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii)	Cartilage, fin and scale	Salt-soluble collagen, (SSC); acid soluble collagen (ASC); pepsin soluble collagen (PSC)	Type I collagen SSC and ASC; PSC predominantly type II with triple helical structure.	Yields of collagen from SSC (2.18%), ASC (27.04%), and PSC (55.92%), respectively	[53]
Silver catfish (Pangasius sp.)	Skin	Acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC)	Isolated collagens exhibited amide A, II, and III as a fingerprint for collagen structure	Yields of collagen from ASC and PSC were 4.27% and 2.27%, respectively. ASC and PSC had protein concentrations of 2.27 and 2.70 mg/mL, respectively	[13]
Sole fish (Aseraggodes umbratilis)	Skin	Acid soluble collagen (ASC)	Type I collagen with triple-helical structure	The maximum yield of collagen was 19.27 mg per gram of skin and achieved at optimum conditions	[14]
Small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula)	Skins	Acid soluble collagen (ASC)	Type I collagen with triple-helical structure	The maximum collagen yield was 61.24%	[40]
Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)	Bone	Desalinated with EDTA-ASC; EDTA-PSC; desalinated HCl-PSC	Type I collagen which corresponding with secondary structure	Yield of collagen desalinated with ; desalinated with ; desalinated by	[37]