Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Fish By-Product Collagen as Promising for Potential Wound Healing Agent in Pharmaceutical Applications: Current Trend and Future Perspective

Table 2

Summary of recent extraction of fish collagen for wound healing application.

Fish species	Source collagen	Remarks	References
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)	Skin	Collagen extraction can increase TGF-β1, b-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) gene expression, fibroblast and myofibroblast proliferation, and ECM production	[30]
Snakehead fish (Channa striata)	Skin	New dressing for burn healing has the potential to be used by cross-linking biopolymer collagen with alginate to form functional group –CONH	[62]
Tilapia and grey mullet	Scale	Through self-aggregation and cross-linking, all of the extracted collagen forms fibres with increased strength and stability, which help maintain optimal moisture levels at the wound site, which promotes wound healing, and have inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria	[60]
Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus canicula, Xiphias gladius, and Thunnus albacares	Skin	Collagen extraction significantly accelerated the healing of deep second-degree burn wounds and the generation of new skin appendages that can be used to treat a variety of refractory wounds, according to skin repair experiments	[52]
Melanogrammus aeglefinus	Skin	The experiments revealed that by extracting collagen from fish skin and testing it on mice, fibrin was formed, resulting in a decrease in clotting time, which could accelerate epithelialization and shorten the wound healing time of mice and thus shorten the bleeding times	[11]