Ameliorative Effect of Rice Husk Methanol Extract on Liver and Kidney Toxicities Induced by Subchronic Codeine Administration

Table 2

Effect of rice husk extract on renal markers in codeine-administered male albino Wistar rats.

Parameter	NC	COD. only	RHE only	COD.+250 mg RHE	COD.+500 mg RHE	COD.+1,000 mg RHE
Urea (mmol/l)	^a	^d	^a	^c	^b	^a
Creatinine (μmol/l)	^a	^c	^a	^c	^b	^a
Sodium (mmol/l)	^b	^c	^a	^bc	^bc	^ab
Potassium (mmol/l)	^ab	^c	^a	^b	^b	^ab
Chloride (mmol/l)	^c	^c	^a	^c	^b	^ab
Bicarbonate (mmol/l)	^a	^c	^a	^b	^ab	^ab

Groups with different superscripts are significantly different at , while groups with same superscripts are not. Key: NC = normal control; COD. only = administered 10 mg codeine/kg b.w of rat; RHE only = administered 500 mg of rice husk extract/kg b.w of rats; COD.+250 mg RHE = administered 10 mg codeine/kg b.w of rats +250 mg rice husk extract; COD.+500 mg RHE = administered 10 mg codeine/kg b.w of rats +500 mg rice husk extract; COD.+1,000 mg RHE = administered 10 mg codeine/kg b.w of rats +1000 mg rice husk extract.