Focused Real-Time Ultrasonography for Nephrologists

Figure 3

Subcostal inferior vena cava landmarks. (a) Position of ultrasound probe for visualization of the inferior vena cava (IVC) (see Figure 1, probe position B1). The IVC is located to the right of midline and aorta (AO). (b) Corresponding ultrasound image of the IVC. The IVC is typically measured 2 cm from the right atrium (RA) or just distal to the hepatic vein. The hepatic vein junction to IVC and the IVC junction to right atrium are confirmatory landmarks. Reproduced with permission from Killu et al. [26].

(a)

(b)