Construction of Tungsten Halogen, Pulsed LED, and Combined Tungsten Halogen-LED Solar Simulators for Solar Cell 𝐼-𝑉 Characterization and Electrical Parameters Determination

Table 4

Electrical parameters of solar cell measured under natural sunlight, Class AAA solar simulator, and non-STC solar simulators after IEC 60891 Standards correction.

Parameters	Light sources
	Tungsten halogen lamps under three supply voltages			Red LED	Blue LED	Combined tungsten halogen and LEDs	Natural sunlight	Class AAA (STC)
	100% rated voltage	120% rated voltage	140% rated voltage
𝐺 (W·m^−2)	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000	1002
𝑇 (C)	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25
𝑉oc (V)	0.58	0.58	0.58	0.59	0.57	0.58	0.58	0.58
𝐼sc (A)	4.63	4.63	4.63	4.63	4.63	4.63	4.59	4.63
𝑃max (W)	1.65	1.68	1.67	1.69	1.65	1.68	1.66	1.72
𝑉mp (V)	0.41	0.42	0.41	0.41	0.41	0.42	0.41	0.42
𝐼mp (A)	4.07	4.04	4.07	4.11	4.03	4.04	4.07	4.06
FF (%)	61.8	62.7	62.8	61.9	62.1	62.7	62.2	63.5
𝜂 (%)	11.3	11.5	11.4	11.5	11.1	11.5	11.4	11.7
𝑅𝑠 (Ω)	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
𝑅sh (Ω)	5.20	5.20	5.20	5.20	5.20	5.20	5.20	5.08
𝑅𝑑 @ 𝑉mp (Ω)	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08