Particulate Emissions Hazards Associated with Fueling Heat Engines

Table 3

Complementary Government research programs (From http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov/calendar/era_preconference_synopsis.htm).

Agency*	Project or activity**	Funded years***	Vehicle focus****	Proposed TRL*****	Goal: Major reduction/Minor reduction
FAA	CLEEN	FY10–FY14	𝑁+1	6-7	Noise; Emissions; Fuel burn
DoD	ADVENT/HEETE/AD-HEETE	FY10–FY14	𝑁+2	>6	Fuel burn Noise Emissions
NASA	ERA	FY10–FY14	𝑁+2	4–6	Simultaneous; Noise Emissions; Fuel burn
NASA	SFW & SUP	FY10–FY14	𝑁+3	2–4	Noise; Emissions; Fuel burn
DoD	RCEE	FY10–FY14	Beyond 𝑁+3	2–6	Fuel burn; Emissions; Fuel burn

*FAA is the Federal Aviation Agency; DoD: Department of Defense; NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
**CLEEN is the Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions, and Noise program.
ADVENT is the Adaptive Versatile Engine Technology program.
HEETE is the Highly Efficient Embedded Turbine Engine program.
AD-HEETE is a follow-on to ADVENT and HEETE programs.
ERA is the Environmentally Responsible Aviation program.
SFW is the Subsonic Fixed Wing project.
SUP is the Supersonics project.
RCEE is the Revolutionary Configurations for Energy Efficiency program.
VAATE is Versatile Affordable Advanced Turbine Engines program.
***FY is fiscal year.
****N represents current aviation technology for example, Boeing 787.
*****TRL is Technology Readiness Level.