A Comparison of Selected Modifications of the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Figure 1

Convergence graphs for best fitness of the best modifications and strategy of PSO for functions 𝑓₁--𝑓₁₁ according to Table 3.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)