Research Article

Determination of Low Levels of Lead in Beer Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Detection by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Table 1

Conditions for Pb(II) preconcentration and the analytical response for the multivariate optimization study using SPE with the Moringa oleifera column and detection by FAAS.

RunAdsorbent mass (mg)Particle size (μm)Preconcentration Flow rate (mL min−1)Eluent flow rate (mL min−1)pHEluent concentration (mL min−1)Integrated absorbance

130 (−1)850 (−1)2.0 (−1)1.0 (−1)2.0 (−1)0.5 (−1)0.1261
280 (+1)850 (−1)2.0 (−1)1.0 (−1)8.0 (+1)0.5 (−1)0.0304
330 (−1)180 (+1)2.0 (−1)1.0 (−1)8.0 (+1)2.0 (+1)0.0000
480 (+1)180 (+1)2.0 (−1)1.0 (−1)2.0 (−1)2.0 (+1)0.2315
530 (−1)850 (−1)6.0 (+1)1.0 (−1)8.0 (+1)2.0 (+1)0.3796
680 (+1)850 (−1)6.0 (+1)1.0 (−1)2.0 (−1)2.0 (+1)0.0092
730 (−1)180 (+1)6.0 (+1)1.0 (−1)2.0 (−1)0.5 (−1)0.0000
880 (+1)180 (+1)6.0 (+1)1.0 (−1)8.0 (+1)0.5 (−1)0.0117
930 (−1)850 (−1)2.0 (−1)4.0 (+1)2.0 (−1)2.0 (+1)0.3674
1080 (+1)850 (−1)2.0 (−1)4.0 (+1)8.0 (+1)2.0 (+1)0.0141
1130 (−1)180 (+1)2.0 (−1)4.0 (+1)8.0 (+1)0.5 (−1)0.0000
1280 (+1)180 (+1)2.0 (−1)4.0 (+1)2.0 (−1)0.5 (−1)0.0093
1330 (−1)850 (−1)6.0 (+1)4.0 (+1)8.0 (+1)0.5 (−1)0.0143
1480 (+1)850 (−1)6.0 (+1)4.0 (+1)2.0 (−1)0.5 (−1)0.0000
1530 (-1)180 (+1)6.0 (+1)4.0 (+1)2.0 (−1)2.0 (+1)0.0000
1680 (+1)180 (+1)6.0 (+1)4.0 (+1)8.0 (+1)2.0 (+1)0.0330