Detection and Analytical Capabilities for Trace Level of Carbon in High-Purity Metals by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with a Frequency Quintupled 213 nm Nd:YAG Laser

Table 1

Operating conditions of tandem LA/LIBS instrument (J200 HP).

LIBS instrument	J200 HP (Applied Spectra)
Laser wavelength, nm	213
Laser output level	80 (estimated at 3.5 mJ laser output energy)
Spot size, μm	15, 50, 100
Repetition rate, Hz	10
Carrier He or Ar gas flow rate, L min^−1	0.50
Ablation pattern	Single spot
Shot number	300
Spectrometer	UV sensitive Czerny-Turner
Detector	ICCD
Gate delay, μs	0.10
Gate width, μs	5
Accumulation time for one LIBS spectrum, s	1.0
Detector gain	60 for 247.9 nm C measurements in Zn, Ti, Cd, Fe; 80 for 193.1 nm C measurement in Fe
Grating, grooves mm^−1	2400
Acquisition mode	Multiple shots