Exploration of Productivity, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Potential of Origanum vulgare L. Grown at Different Geographical Locations of Western Himalaya, India
Table 5
Chemical constituents identified in the EO of O. vulgare cultivated at different altitudes.
S. no.
Compound
Class of the compound
RIcal
RIlit
Percentage of oil ± SD
Percentage of oil ± SD
Percentage of oil ± SD
OV1
OV2
OV3
1
α-Thujene
MH
924
924
2.89b ± 0.02
1.80a ± 0.02
1.76a ± 0.03
2
α-Pinene
MH
930
932
1.35b ± 0.03
0.6a ± 0.03
2.12c ± 0.01
3
Camphene
MH
945
946
0.12
0.04 ± 0.01
0.29
4
Sabinene
MH
970
969
0.52c ± 0.03
0.16a ± 0.02
0.19b ± 0.01
5
β-Pinene
MH
974
974
0.32c ± 0.04
0.16a ± 0.01
0.20b ± 0.01
6
Octen-3-ol
ALC
982
974
0.42a ± 0.03
0.46b ± 0.04
ND
7
3-Octanone
KET
988
979
ND
ND
5.44 ± 0.03
8
β-Myrcene
MH
988
988
3.35c ± 0.04
2.50a ± 0.03
3.26b ± 0.01
9
α-Phellandrene
MH
1005
1002
0.42b ± 0.05
ND
0.27a ± 0.02
10
α-Terpinene
MH
1018
1014
2.52a ± 0.01
2.75a ± 0.04
3.3b ± 0.01
11
p-Cymene
MH
1028
1020
9.49b ± 0.04
4.81a ± 0.05
9.97c ± 0.02
12
D-Limonene
MH
1030
1024
0.69a ± 0.04
0.05
0.87b ± 0.02
13
β-Ocimene
MH
1050
1044
1.95a ± 0.01
ND
9.47b ± 0.02
14
γ-Terpinene
MH
1067
1054
13.60b ± 0.02
14.39c ± 0.04
12.63a ± 0.02
15
Linalool
OM
1105
1095
13.00c ± 0.2
8.51b ± 0.06
4.61a ± 0.02
16
Camphor
OM
1146
1141
ND
1.98 ± 0.01
ND
17
Borneol
OM
1171
1165
0.08
ND
0.36 ± 0.02
18
Terpinen-4-ol
OM
1181
1174
ND
0.94a ± 0.01
2.65b ± 0.02
19
α-Terpineol
OM
1195
1186
0.10
ND
1.54 ± 0.01
20
Indole
AM
1295
1290
0.37
ND
ND
21
Thymol
OM
1310
1289
38.81b ± 0.03
52.83c ± 0.06
31.86a ± 0.01
22
Carvacrol
OM
1312
1298
0.04
ND
1.09b ± 0.01
23
Thymol acetate
OM
1370
1370
0.38c ± 0.01
0.24b ± 0.04
0.15a ± 0.01
24
Caryophyllene
SH
1417
1417
4.50c ± 0.07
3.87b ± 0.02
1.41a ± 0.01
25
α-Humulene
SH
1460
1452
0.23a ± 0.02
0.74b ± 0.05
ND
26
Germacrene D
SH
1481
1484
1.19b ± 0.03
0.85a ± 0.04
ND
27
Farnesene <(E,E)-, alpha-
SH
1503
1505
0.32 ± 0.01
ND
ND
28
β-Bisabolene
SH
1505
1505
ND
ND
1.57 ± 0.04
29
γ-Cadinene
SH
1509
1513
0.09b ± 0.02
ND
0.18a ± 0.01
30
Caryophyllene oxide
OS
1578
1582
0.58 ± 0.03
ND
ND
31
Cadin-4-en-10-ol
OS
1640
1635
0.11a ± 0.01
ND
0.24b ± 0.01
32
α-Bisabolene
SH
1682
1685
0.29 ± 0.04
ND
ND
Total compounds identified
28
18
24
Total %
97.73
97.68
95.43
RIcal = retention index (RI) calculated relative to n-alkane homologous series (C9–C33) on the Rtx-5 column; RIlit = library, MS data, and literature (Adams, 2007); mean values within the same row followed by different alphabets (a–c) at the superscript for specific compounds are significantly different at a significance level of 0.05; SD = standard deviation; MH: monoterpene hydrocarbons (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10–15); ALC: alcohol (6 and 9); KET: ketone (8); AM: alkaloid monoterpene (21); OM: oxygenated monoterpenes (16–20 and 22–24); SH: sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (25–31); OS: oxygenated sesquiterpenes (32–34).