Impact of Plasma-Activated Water (PAW) on Seed Germination of Soybean
Table 1
Physical and biological parameters of control and plasma-activated water (PAW).
Physical and biological parameters
Treatment time (minutes)
0
5
10
15
20
pH
8.91 ± 0.00a
8.81 ± 0.00b
8.72 ± 0.00c
8.6 ± 0.00d
8.5 ± 0.00e
Turbidity (NTU)
1.4 ± 0.00a
1.3 ± 0.00b
0.8 ± 0.00c
0.7 ± 0.00d
0.6 ± 0.00e
Total dissolved solid (mg/L)
152 ± 0.05a
52 ± 0.01b
27 ± 0.01c
2 ± 0.05d
0 ± 0.00e
Total suspended solid (mg/L)
77 ± 0.05a
52 ± 0.00b
27 ± 0.00c
2 ± 0.00d
0 ± 0.00e
Conductivity (µS/cm)
262 ± 0.00e
265 ± 0.00d
267 ± 0.00c
269 ± 0.00b
271 ± 0.00a
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)
6.51 ± 0.00e
6.62 ± 0.00d
6.73 ± 0.01c
6.96 ± 0.02b
7 ± 0.01a
E. coli (CFU/100 mL)
100 ± 0.00a
50 ± 0.00b
0 ± 0.00c
0 ± 0.00c
0 ± 0.00c
All the experiments were performed with five repetitions, and the findings were expressed as mean ± standard error (SE). The significant difference in the mean of the physical and biological parameters of water was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison analysis using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2. Different letters in the same row indicate the significant difference in mean values at .