Excessive Autophagy Activation and Increased Apoptosis Are Associated with Palmitic Acid-Induced Cardiomyocyte Insulin Resistance

Figure 4

Changes in Atg and PI3K proteins and mTOR mRNA after PA treatment for 24 h. (a–h) H9c2 was treated as in Figure 1 for 24 h. Protein levels of Atg12-Atg5, Atg16L1, Atg3, and PI3Kp85 were semiquantitated by Western blot compared with GAPDH. (). (i) H9c2 cells were treated as in Figure 1 for 24 h, and the mRNA of levels mTOR were measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR, with β-actin as the control. (). compared with the control. ^# compared with the RAP group. ^$ compared with the PA + RAP group.

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