Association between Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiac Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 5

Associated echocardiography parameters of DR in T2DM patients by univariable and age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models.

	Univariable				Age- and sex-adjusted
		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
IVST	<0.001	1.36 (1.12-1.56)	<0.001	1.56 (1.26-1.90)	0.001	1.27 (1.10-1.47)	<0.001	1.56 (1.27-1.91)
LAD	0.038	1.06 (1.01-1.12)	<0.001	1.16 (1.07-1.26)	0.083	1.05 (0.99-1.11)	0.001	1.61 (1.07-1.26)
LV ESD	<0.001	0.90 (0.85-0.95)	0.145	0.93 (0.85-1.03)	0.030	0.93 (0.87-0.99)	0.474	0.96 (0.87-1.07)
LV EDD	<0.001	0.92 (0.88-0.96)	0.054	0.93 (0.86-1.00)	0.032	0.95 (0.90-0.99)	0.251	0.96 (0.88-1.03)
EDV	<0.001	0.98 (0.96-0.99)	0.030	0.98 (0.96-0.99)	0.053	0.99 (0.98-1.00)	0.284	0.99 (0.97-1.01)
ESV	<0.001	0.96 (0.94-0.98)	0.064	0.96 (0.93-1.00)	0.141	0.98 (0.96-1.01)	0.408	0.98 (0.94-1.02)
LVEF	0.804	0.99 (0.94-1.05)	0.762	0.99 (0.90-1.08)	-	-	-	-
LVFS	0.907	1.00 (0.94-1.07)	0.666	0.98 (0.87-1.09)	-	-	-	-
Stroke volume	<0.001	0.96 (0.94-0.98)	0.028	0.96 (0.93-0.99)	0.154	0.98 (0.96-1.01)	0.263	0.98 (0.95-1.02)
E velocity	0.273	1.00 (0.99-1.01)	0.157	1.01 (0.99-1.02)	-	-	-	-
A velocity	<0.001	1.01 (1.01-1.02)	<0.001	1.02 (1.01-1.03)	0.125	1.00 (0.99-1.00)	0.005	1.01 (1.00-1.02)
E/A ratio	<0.001	0.16 (0.08-0.32)	0.001	0.11 (0.03-0.41)	0.213	0.60 (0.27-1.34)	0.027	0.19 (0.04-0.83)
(yes vs. no)	<0.001	4.53 (2.53-8.11)	0.005	4.45 (1.58-12.50)	0.094	1.75 (0.91-3.35)	0.068	2.86 (0.93-8.84)

Note: data are expressed as OR (95% CI). “-” means variable not included. Bold indicated value of . Abbreviations as Table 2.