Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier: A New Analog Building Block for Signal Processing

Table 5

Comparative study of the available similar type of single-active-element-based CM filters.

Reference	Active element used and number of passive components	Grounded passive components	Availability of LB, HP, BP, notch, and AP responses	No requirement of current inversion	No requirement of gain of input signal such as 2𝐼in and 3𝐼in	Output current at high impedance	Tunability	Simple/no matching condition
[11]	CCCCTA, 2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
[13]	CCCDTA, 2	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
[20]	CCCDTA, 2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
[21]	CCCCTA, 2	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Proposed	DVCCTA, 3	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

LP: low pass; HP: high pass; BP: band pass; Notch: notch response; AP: all pass.