Intelligent Integrated Approach for Voltage Balancing Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Predictive Models

Table 2

The results from the simulation model for different unbalance cases.

Before the action of PSO	After the action of PSO
VUF (%)	TCR firing angles (degrees)			VUF (%)	Time needed by the PSO to retrieve balance conditions (ms)
	αab	αbc	αca
3.576%	162.6°	156.5°	102.1°	0.815%	22
2.537%	179.3°	125.9°	110.5°	0.347%	21.09
3.055%	132.5°	152.9°	106.6°	0.593%	22.18
3.219%	121.8°	127.6°	94.6°	0.326%	22.41
4.047%	128.3°	153.3°	98.16°	0.164%	22.16
3.776%	128.9°	139.8°	97.72°	0.038%	22.10
4.144%	169.1°	174.1°	103.0°	0.062%	22.20
4.332%	169.9°	148.2°	100.6°	0.168%	22.14
5.456%	179.9°	118.5°	90.0°	0.292%	22.19
4.754%	153.1°	122.5°	93.3°	0.265%	22.15
6.348%	179.7°	114.5°	91.0°	1.319%	22.18
5.782%	179.4°	116.8°	92.0°	0.671%	22.16
6.776%	179.4°	113.1°	90.0°	1.812%	25.30
6.906%	179.70°	112.80°	90.0°	1.944%	35.90
6.971%	179.1°	109.3°	90.0°	1.946%	31.40
The average value of VUF after the action PSO				0.717%	—
The average value of time needed by the PSO to retrieve balance conditions					23.837