|
| Outcomes | Context of the body of evidence | Size of the body of evidence (number) | Quality of the body of evidence | Consistency of the body of evidence | Strength of a body of evidence |
|
| Effect of smoking on bones |
|
| Decreased BMD | Relevant and global | Large (24) | High | Highly consistent | Very strong |
|
| Decreased BMC | Relevant but specific | Small (3) | High | Low level of consistency | Limited |
|
| Increased risk for fracture | Relevant and global | Large (6) | High | Highly consistent | Very strong |
|
| Delayed fracture healing | Relevant and global | Large (5) | High | Highly consistent | Very strong |
|
| Increased alveolar bone loss | Relevant and global | Medium (9) | High | Moderately consistent | Strong |
|
| Poor periodontal parameters | Relevant and global | Large (17) | High | Highly consistent | Very strong |
|
| Increased bone implant failure | Relevant and global | Large (13) | High | Highly consistent | Very strong |
|
| Poor histometric parameters for tissues surround implants | Relevant but specific | Small (4) | High | Highly consistent | Strong |
|
| Effect of smoking on joints |
|
| Increased RA disease activity | Relevant and global | Medium (5) | High | Moderately consistent | Medium |
|
| Increased remission of RA | Relevant but specific | Small (2) | High | Inconsistent | Limited |
|
| Increased RA progression | Relevant but specific | Small (2) | High | Inconsistent | Limited |
|
| Poor response to RA therapies | Relevant and global | Large (10) | High | Highly consistent | Very strong |
|
| Decreased incidence/prevalence of OA | Relevant but specific | Small (4) | High | Low level of consistency | Limited |
|
| Increased pain score associated with OA | Relevant but specific | Small (2) | High | Consistent | Medium |
|
| Increased risk for total joint replacement in OA patients | Relevant but specific | Small (2) | High | Inconsistent | Limited |
|
| Increased risk for complications after joint replacement in OA | Relevant and global | Small (4) | High | Highly consistent | Strong |
|
| Increased SA diseased activity | Relevant and global | Small (3) | Moderate | Highly consistent | Medium |
|
| Increased pain intensity in patients with TMD | Relevant and global | Small (4) | High | Moderately consistent | Strong |
|
| Effect of smoking on muscle |
|
| Decreased muscle strength | Relevant and global | Medium (6) | High | Highly consistent | Very strong |
|
| Decreased maximal muscle voluntary contraction | Relevant but specific | Small (3) | High | Low level of consistency | Limited |
|
| Effect of smoking on cartilage |
|
| Increased volume of knee joint cartilage | Relevant but specific | Small (2) | High | Consistent | Medium |
|
| Increased defect of knee joint cartilage | Relevant but specific | Small (2) | High | Mixed | Limited |
|
| Poor postoperative outcomes after knee joint surgery | Relevant but specific | Small (3) | High | Highly consistent | Strong |
|
| Increased risk for spinal reoperation | Relevant but specific | Small (3) | High | Highly consistent | Strong |
|
| Decreased spinal fusion rate | Relevant and global | Small (4) | Moderate | Moderately consistent | Medium |
|
| Effect of smoking on tendons |
|
| Increased severity of rotator cuff tears | Relevant but specific | Small (2) | High | Consistent | Medium |
|
| Poor outcomes after rotator cuff reconstruction | Relevant but specific | Small (2) | High | Consistent | Medium |
|
| Effect of smoking on ligaments |
|
| Poor functional and stability scores after ACL reconstruction | Relevant and global | Small (4) | High | Moderately consistent | Medium |
|
