Investigation of Traceability and Recall Plans of Food Processing Plants and Small and Medium Enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia

Table 5

Detail on traceability implementation (𝑛=37).

Traceability implementation	𝑁 (%)	𝜒^2	Significance
What types of traceability method did you use for tracing the product?
Paper document	30 (81.1)
Barcodes	7 (18.9)
2D code	None
Electronic tag/radio
Frequency identification
(RFID)	None	14.297	df = 1; 𝑃<0.05
Have you had any product recalls/withdrawals since implementing your traceability system?
Yes	15 (40.5)
No	22 (59.5)	1.324	df = 1; 𝑃<0.05
Have you benefited directly from the implementation of a product traceability system in the plant?
Yes	13 (35.1)
No	24 (64.9)	3.270	df = 1; 𝑃<0.05