Effects of Processing (Boiling and Roasting) on the Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of Bambara Groundnuts (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) from Southern Kaduna, Nigeria

Table 3

Mineral composition of raw and processed Bambara groundnuts (Vigna subterranea).

Element	Boiled (mg/100 g)	Roasted (mg/100 g)	Raw (mg/100 g)	^aRecommended dietary allowance (RDA) in mg/day
Ca	12.09 ± 1.54^a	19.63 ± 1.94^b	15.06 ± 1.32^ab	210–800*, 800**, 1200***
K	186.17 ± 1.17^a	195.54 ± 3.48^b	187.07 ± 0.09^a	400–3000*, 4700
Cu	3.05 ± 0.07^ab	2.05 ± 0.64^a	4.61 ± 0.84^b	0.2–0.44*, 0.7–0.89**, 0.9***
Fe	1.58 ± 0.30^a	1.60 ± 0.32^a	1.69 ± 0.42^a	0.27–11*, 8–15**, 10***
Mn	3.01 ± 0.61^a	4.08 ± 0.16^ab	5.65 ± 0.78^b	0.003–1.5*, 1.6–2.2**, 1.8–2.3***
Zn	20.98 ± 1.07^b	10.27 ± 1.33^a	20.20 ± 0.92^b	2–5*, 11**, 15***
Mg	65.30 ± 3.25^a	67.67 ± 2.36^a	63.51 ± 2.13^a	30–130*, 240–360**, 320–340***
P	100.67 ± 3.30^b	132.25 ± 6.01^c	76.98 ± 4.28^a	100–500*, 1250**, 700***
Na	23.27 ± 2.45^a	25.23 ± 1.09^a	21.03 ± 2.79^a	120*, 1500

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. Values with different superscripts across the row are significantly different from each other at .
^aCulled from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and may be accessed via http://www.nap.edu/.
*Infants; **children; ***adults.