| Bioactive compounds | Compounds | IUPAC name | Chemical formula | Health benefits | Kodo/Little | References |
| Catechin | (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromene-3,5,7-triol | C15H14O6 | Anticancer, anti-obesity, and helps in treatment for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease | Kodo | Khan et al. [56]; shankar et al. [57]; singh et al. [58] |
| Naringin | 7-[[2-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | C27H32O14 | Anti-apoptotic, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-osteoporotic | Kodo | Wang et al. [59] |
| p-Coumaric acid | (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid | C9H8O3 | Anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, reduces lipid peroxidation, cholesterol oxidation, and LDP | Kodo | Boz, [60]; Kannan et al. [61]; Ferguson et al. [62] |
| Taxifolin | (2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | C15H14O6 | Anti-inflammatory | Kodo | Gupta et al. [63] |
| Ferulic acid | (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid | C10H10O4 | Antithrombotic, anti-allergic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, hepta-protective, vasodilatory effect | Kodo | Graf, [64]; Akihisa et al. [65]; Oosterveld et al. [66]; Rukkumani et al. [67] |
| Sinapic acid | 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid | C11H12O5 | Anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory | Kodo | Connelly et al. [68] |
| Pterin-6-carboxylic acid | 2-Amino-4-oxo-3h-pteridine-6-carboxylic acid | C7H5N5O3 | Antitumor | Kodo | Hadi et al. [69] |
| Campesterol | (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | C28H48O | Lowers cholesterol, shows anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive effect | Kodo | Choi et al. [70] |
| Kaempferol | 3,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone | C15H10O6 | Lowers the risk of chronic diseases | Little | Pradeep & Sreerama, [71] |
| Luteolin | 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | C15H10O6 | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Little | Pradeep & Sreerama, [25]; Dykes & Rooney, [72] |
| Apigenin | 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one | C15H10O5 | Antidiabetic, antirheumatic, anticancerous | Little | Thakur & Tiwari, [73] |
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