Journal of Food Quality

Research Article

Preservative Effect of Ginger Root (Zingiber officinale R.) Extract in Refined Palm Olein Subjected to Accelerated Thermal Oxidation

Table 1

Variations in fatty acid composition of palm olein samples.


Storage period (days)	Composition (%)
Storage period (days)	Oil samples	C14 : 0	C16 : 0	C16 : 1	C18 : 0	C18 : 1	C18 : 2

0	PO	0.75 ± 0.03^a	37.65 ± 0.06^a	0.15 ± 0.00^a	4.78 ± 0.03^a	46.09 ± 0.02^a	10.55 ± 0.01^c
2	PO	0.73 ± 0.00^a	37.81 ± 0.00^a	0.14 ± 0.00^a	4.71 ± 0.07^a	46.34 ± 0.08^a	10.24 ± 0.01^a
	PO + BHT₂₀₀	0.76 ± 0.04^a	37.78 ± 0.05^a	0.16 ± 0.02^a	4.77 ± 0.03^a	46.21 ± 0.08^a	10.29 ± 0.04^ab
	PO + Zn.O₂₀₀	0.72 ± 0.00^a	37.81 ± 0.04^a	0.14 ± 0.00^a	4.81 ± 0.09^a	46.19 ± 0.00^a	10.30 ± 0.03^ab
	PO + Zn.O₆₀₀	0.75 ± 0.03^a	37.66 ± 0.05^b	0.20 ± 0.08^c	4.76 ± 0.03^a	46.15 ± 0.14^a	10.45 ± 0.04^c
	PO + Zn.O₁₀₀₀	0.72 ± 0.00^a	37.68 ± 0.01^b	0.26 ± 0.04^b	4.76 ± 0.01^a	46.18 ± 0.05^a	10.37 ± 0.03^b
	PO + Zn.O₁₄₀₀	0.73 ± 0.02^a	38.04 ± 0.01^c	0.13 ± 0.01^a	4.69 ± 0.04^b	45.91 ± 0.03^b	10.47 ± 0.05^c
	PO + Zn.O₁₈₀₀	0.73 ± 0.01^a	37.69 ± 0.02^b	0.15 ± 0.01^a	4.76 ± 0.02^a	46.13 ± 0.04^a	10.51 ± 0.06^c
4	PO	0.75 ± 0.02^a	37.97 ± 0.09^a	0.24 ± 0.01^a	4.84 ± 0.09^a	46.23 ± 0.10^a	9.94 ± 0.08^a
	PO + BHT₂₀₀	0.74 ± 0.02^a	37.88 ± 0.03^a	0.23 ± 0.04^a	4.78 ± 0.00^a	46.34 ± 0.02^a	9.99 ± 0.00^a
	PO + Zn.O₂₀₀	0.61 ± 0.14^a	37.89 ± 0.03^a	0.16 ± 0.00^b	4.80 ± 0.02^a	46.32 ± 0.02^a	10.19 ± 0.07^b
	PO + Zn.O₆₀₀	0.74 ± 0.00^a	37.75 ± 0.04^b	0.14 ± 0.00^b	4.72 ± 0.04^a	46.38 ± 0.08^a	10.24 ± 0.00^b
	PO + Zn.O₁₀₀₀	0.72 ± 0.00^a	37.67 ± 0.08^b	0.14 ± 0.00^b	4.87 ± 0.16^a	46.28 ± 0.02^a	10.29 ± 0.05^b
	PO + Zn.O₁₄₀₀	0.74 ± 0.01^a	37.71 ± 0.05^b	0.17 ± 0.02^b	4.72 ± 0.04^a	46.35 ± 0.11^a	10.28 ± 0.00^b
	PO + Zn.O₁₈₀₀	0.73 ± 0.00^a	37.77 ± 0.02^b	0.14 ± 0.00^b	4.77 ± 0.00^a	46.32 ± 0.04^a	10.24 ± 0.03^b
6	PO	0.74 ± 0.00^a	38.31 ± 0.06^a	0.14 ± 0.01^a	4.84 ± 0.05^a	46.28 ± 0.04^a	9.65 ± 0.06^a
	PO + BHT₂₀₀	0.73 ± 0.00^a	38.05 ± 0.05^b	0.17 ± 0.03^a	4.86 ± 0.09^a	46.40 ± 0.03^b	9.75 ± 0.04^a
	PO + Zn.O₂₀₀	0.73 ± 0.00^a	38.01 ± 0.02^b	0.13 ± 0.02^a	4.84 ± 0.07^a	46.39 ± 0.01^b	9.89 ± 0.04^b
	PO + Zn.O₆₀₀	0.72 ± 0.02^a	37.89 ± 0.02^c	0.17 ± 0.01^a	4.79 ± 0.03^a	46.40 ± 0.03^b	10.00 ± 0.04^c
	PO + Zn.O₁₀₀₀	0.75 ± 0.02^a	37.86 ± 0.08^cd	0.11 ± 0.01^b	4.80 ± 0.03^a	46.35 ± 0.02^b	10.10 ± 0.01^d
	PO + Zn.O₁₄₀₀	0.72 ± 0.00^a	37.90 ± 0.03^c	0.15 ± 0.01^a	4.79 ± 0.05^a	46.27 ± 0.02^a	10.13 ± 0.02^d
	PO + Zn.O₁₈₀₀	0.77 ± 0.07^a	37.79 ± 0.02^d	0.37 ± 0.09^c	4.78 ± 0.03^a	46.13 ± 0.09^c	10.13 ± 0.05^d

Data are presented as mean (±SD) (n = 3). ^(a–d)means within each column, for each day with different superscripts differ considerably at . BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene; Zn.O: Zingiber officinale (ginger); control: palm olein without antioxidant; PO + BHT_{200 ppm}: palm olein + 200 ppm BHT; PO + Zn.O_200ppm: palm olein + 200 ppm ginger root extract; PO + Zn.O_600ppm: palm olein + 600 ppm ginger root extract; PO + Zn.O_1000ppm: palm olein + 1000 ppm ginger root extract; PO + Zn.O_1400ppm: palm olein + 1400 ppm ginger root extract; PO + Zn.O_1800ppm: palm olein + 1800 ppm ginger root extract.