Evaluation of Modified Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Mucilage as a Potential Pharmaceutical Excipient

Table 1

Flow properties of granules of date palm mucilage.

Sr.	Type of granules	Bulk density (g/ml)	Tapped density (g/ml)	Carr's index (%)	Hauser’s ratio	Angle of repose (°)	Moisture contents (%)	Ash values (%)	Flow property
1	Crude mucilage	0.709 ± 0.13	0.847 ± 0.09	19.5 ± 0.02	1.195 ± 0.13	37.4 ± 0.2	13.3 ± 0.035	7.33 ± 0.015	Fair
2	Purified mucilage	0.740 ± 0.55	0.847 ± 0.05	14.4 ± 0.01	1.144 ± 0.11	32.1 ± 0.1	8.3 ± 0.080	2.66 ± 0.037	Good
3	Acidic hydrolyzed mucilage	0.719 ± 0.17	0.862 ± 0.11	19.66 ± 0.01	1.198 ± 0.19	37.7 ± 0.4	7.5 ± 0.053	2.59 ± 0.011	Fair
4	Basic hydrolyzed mucilage	0.704 ± 0.31	0.826 ± 0.07	17.36 ± 0.05	1.174 ± 0.08	37 ± 0.1	6.5 ± 0.075	2.54 ± 0.044	Fair
5	Amylase hydrolyzed mucilage	0.704 ± 0.19	0.855 ± 0.01	21.36 ± 0.11	1.213 ± 0.15	39.5 ± 0.3	6.9 ± 0.028	2.35 ± 0.025	Fair
6	Cellulase hydrolyzed mucilage	0.694 ± 0.08	0.877 ± 0.59	26.32 ± 0.09	1.263 ± 0.19	43 ± 0.1	6.3 ± 0.063	2.38 ± 0.039	Passable
7	Poly acrylamide grafted mucilage	0.724 ± 0.14	0.806 ± 0.01	11.3 ± 0.02	1.113 ± 0.16	31.6 ± 0.4	6.5 ± 0.079	2.16 ± 0.011	Good
8	ZnONPs mucilage	0.741 ± 0.52	0.819 ± 0.09	10.66 ± 0.33	1.106 ± 0.11	27.3 ± 0.3	3.4 ± 0.047	1.95 ± 0.029	Excellent
9	CuONPs mucilage	0.752 ± 0.39	0.847 ± 0.12	12.71 ± 0.06	1.127 ± 0.15	32 ± 0.4	4.6 ± 0.053	2.29 ± 0.018	Good
10	AgNPs mucilage	0.775 ± 0.4	0.847 ± 0.45	9.32 ± 0.06	1.093 ± 0.07	25.2 ± 0.6	3.8 ± 0.071	1.95 ± 0.027	Excellent
11	AuNPs mucilage	0.769 ± 0.33	0.877 ± 0.03	10.17 ± 0.02	1.102 ± 0.03	25.2 ± 0.3	3.8 ± 0.082	1.83 ± 0.015	Excellent
12	HPMC	0.699 ± 0.28	0.775 ± 0.15	10.85 ± 0.03	1.109 ± 0.14	30.8 ± 0.7	4.8 ± 0.057	2.9 ± 0.031	Good
13	Paracetamol	0.662 ± 0.17	0.855 ± 0.03	29.06 ± 0.98	1.291 ± 0.08	52 ± 1.9	3.5 ± 0.041	1.7 ± 0.019	Poor