Journal of Food Quality

Research Article

Nontarget Metabolites of Rhizomes of Edible Sacred Lotus Provide New Insights into Rhizome Browning

Table 2

Identification of target metabolites in rhizomes of sacred lotus.


No.	Type	Name	Rt	Mode	Molecular formula	Parent ion (m/z)	Error (ppm)	Secondary ion fragment (m/z) (relative abundance %)

1	Amino acids	L-Lysine	0.8	[M + H]⁺	C₆H₁₄N₂O₂	147.1124	−2.72	84.0807 (100); 56.0501 (39.18)
2		L-Arginine	1.2	[M + H]⁺	C₆H₁₄N₄O₂	175.1202	6.85	70.0659 (100); 60.0562 (24.63); 116.0711 (10.62); 130.0983 (8.97)
3		L-Asparagine	1.4	[M + H]⁺	C₄H₈N₂O₃	133.0619	8.27	74.0241 (100); 70.0292 (11.73)
4		L-Glutamine	1.4	[M + H]⁺	C₅H₁₀N₂O₃	147.0765	0.68	84.0449 (100); 56.0502 (74.6);
5		L-Glutamic acid	1.4	[M + H]⁺	C₅H₉NO₄	148.0606	1.35	84.0447 (100); 56.05 (97.69)
6		L-Methionine	1.5	[M + H]⁺	C₅H₁₁NO₂S	150.0584	0.67	61.0111 (100); 56.05 (29)
7		L-Tyrosine	1.7	[M + H]⁺	C₉H₁₁NO₃	182.0821	4.94	136.076 (100); 91.0548 (95.47); 119.05 (85.14); 123.0446 (78.48)
8		L-Norleucine	1.7	[M + H]⁺	C₆H₁₃NO₂	132.1021	1.51	86.0963 (100); 69.0696 (11.38)
9		L-Isoleucine	1.8	[M + H]⁺	C₆H₁₃NO₂	132.1023	3.03	86.0964 (100); 69.0701 (40.42)
10		L-Glutimic acid	1.9	[M + H]⁺	C₅H₇NO₃	130.0501	1.54	56.0499 (100); 84.0449 (69.91)
11		L-Proline	2.6	[M + H]⁺	C₅H₉NO₂	116.0715	7.75	70.0632 (100); 100.094 (5.44); 68.0453 (6.39)
12		L-Phenylalanine	2.6	[M + H]⁺	C₉H₁₁NO₂	166.0876	7.83	120.0819 (100); 103.0551 (21.77)
13		L-Tryptophan	3.9	[M + H]⁺	C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂	205.0969	−1.46	146.06 (100); 118.0651 (36.27); 144.0806 (27.71); 188.0703 (17.62)
14		N-Acetyl-D-phenylalanine	7.4	[M − H]⁻	C₁₁H₁₃NO₃	206.0792	−15.04	58.0234 (100); 162.8736 (27.81); 103.0427 (38.8); 100.9231 (35.66); 91.0451 (28.87)

15	Alkaloids	N-Benzylidenemethylamine	2.6	[M + H]⁺	C₈H₉N	120.0818	8.33	103.055 (100); 77.0395 (46.06)
16		Coclaurine	3.2	[M + H]⁺	C₁₇H₁₉NO₃	286.1436	−0.7	107.0485 (87.66); 255.101 (51.67); 161.0594 (31.5)
17		N-Methylisococlaurine	3.7	[M + H]⁺	C₁₈H₂₁NO₃	300.1593	−0.33	107.0486 (100); 143.0491 (29.83); 237.0899 (26.7); 137.0589 (25.93)
18		N-Methylcoclaurine	4.0	[M + H]⁺	C₁₈H₂₁NO₃	300.1594	0	107.049 (100); 237.0912 (16.08); 137.0617 (11.86); 269.1176 (9.57)
19		Armepavine	5.0	[M + H]⁺	C₁₉H₂₃NO₃	314.1776	7.96	283.1346 (100); 107.0501 (91.63)
20		Norarmepavine	5.3	[M + H]⁺	C₁₈H₂₁NO3	300.1614	6.66	107.0499 (100); 283.1343 (62.68); 268.1136 (29.18)
21		Lirinidine	5.7	[M + H]⁺	C₁₈H₁₉NO₂	282.1493	1.42	219.0803 (100); 251.1065 (98.48); 191.0853 (45.05)
22		Caaverine	5.9	[M + H]⁺	C₁₇H₁₇NO₂	268.135	6.71	191.086 (100); 251.1076 (93.94); 219.081 (90.13)
23		Nuciferine	7.2	[M + H]⁺	C₁₉H₂₁NO₂	296.1668	7.77	265.1241 (100); 250.1006 (51.18); 234.1042 (18.61)
24		Roemerine	7.4	[M + H]⁺	C₁₈H₁₇NO₂	280.1354	7.85	249.0928 (100); 219.0822 (16.36)
25		(2Z)-N-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenamide	8.5	[M + H]⁺	C₁₈H₁₉NO₅	330.1365	8.78	177.0559 (100); 145.0294 (20.88)
26		p-Coumaroyltyramine	9.1	[M + H]⁺	C₁₇H₁₇NO₃	284.1308	9.5	147.0452 (100); 121.0656 (47.76)
27		Adenosine	9.2	[M + H]⁺	C₁₈H₁₉NO₄	314.1389	0.64	177.0544 (100); 121.0644 (29.67); 145.0281 (19.77)
28		N-Feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine	9.4	[M + H]⁺	C₁₉H₂₁NO₅	344.1525	9.59	177.0561 (100); 145.0295 (15.55)
29		(Â±)-Aegeline	10.6	[M + H]⁺	C₁₈H₁₉NO₃	298.1443	1.68	131.0493 (100)
30		Dehydrostephanine	13.1	[M + H]⁺	C₁₉H₁₇NO₃	308.1308	8.76	249.0925 (100); 219.0816 (20.34); 191.0873 (7.86)

31	Nucleotides	Adenosine	2.0	[M + H]⁺	C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄	268.1055	5.59	136.0625 (100)
32		Guanosine	2.3	[M + H]⁺	C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₅	284.0993	1.41	152.0556 (100); 136.0725 (10.68)
33		Adenosine 5′-monophosphate	3.4	[M + H]⁺	C₁₀H₁₄N₅O₇P	348.0725	6.03	136.0627 (100)
34		Succinyladenosine	4.3	[M + H]⁺	C₁₄H₁₇N₅O₈	384.1153	0.78	252.0717 (100); 162.0769 (39.73); 192.0507 (22.66)
35		5′-Deoxy-5′-(methylthio)adenosine	4.4	[M + H]⁺	C₁₁H₁₅N₅O₃S	298.0988	6.71	192.0607 (100); 224.5401 (32.24); 136.1431 (6.7)

36	Flavanols	Gallocatechin	3.6	[M + H]⁺	C₁₅H₁₄O₇	307.0834	7.16	139.0399 (100)
37	Flavanols	Catechin	5.1	[M + H]⁺	C₁₅H₁₄O₆	291.0887	8.24	139.0401 (100); 123.0449 (52.38); 147.0454 (17.44)

38	Phenylpropanoids	Chlorogenic acid	5.1	[M − H]⁻	C₁₆H₁₈O₉	353.0871	0.89	191.0555 (100)
39		Isoferulic acid	7.8	[M − H]⁻	C₁₀H₁₀O₄	193.048	−13.47	134.0356 (100); 160.8392 (61.34); 135.038 (16.95)
40		N-[2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]cinnamide	9.8	[M + H]⁺	C₁₇H₁₇NO₃	284.1282	0.35	131.0492 (100); 137.0592 (12.1)
41	Organic acids	Gluconic acid	1.3	[M − H]⁻	C₆H₁₂O₇	195.0527	8.72	75.0099 (100); 59.0155 (53.2)
42		L-Malic acid	1.7	[M − H]⁻	C₄H₆O₅	133.013	−9.02	71.015 (100); 72.9945 (30.4); 59.0156 (7.8)
43		Succinic acid	1.8	[M − H]⁻	C₄H₆O₄	117.0196	2.56	73.0303 (100)
44		Citric acid	2.0	[M − H]⁻	C₆H₈O₇	191.0202	2.62	87.0086 (100); 111.0093 (85.8); 85.0302 (47.32)
45		4-Acetamidobutyric acid	2.3	[M + H]⁺	C₆H₁₁NO₃	146.0814	1.37	68.9972 (100); 86.0607 (51.2); 56.0501 (29.66)
46		D-Pantothenic acid	3.8	[M + H]⁺	C₉H₁₇NO₅	220.1193	6.36	90.0557 (100); 124.0764 (29.73); 202.1084 (11.79)
47		2-Isopropylmalic acid	5.3	[M − H]⁻	C₇H₁₂O₅	175.0587	−14.28	115.0388 (100); 203.9261 (84.5); 177.0164 (52.28)
48		Azelaic acid	9.3	[M − H]⁻	C₉H₁₆O₄	187.095	−13.9	57.0356 (100); 123.083 (96.94); 99.9262 (29.11); 97.0665 (75.39); 83.0508 (27.5); 80.0268 (40.6)

Marked as the first identification from the rhizome of sacred lotus.