| Country | Salad ingredients | Microbes/parasites identified | Reference number |
| Africa | Ghana | Cabbage, tomato, onion, and lettuce | Shigella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus spp., and Salmonella spp. | [63] | Ghana | Lettuce, cabbage, onion, cucumber, and tomato | Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., and Bacillus spp. | [48] | Ghana | Raw mixed vegetable salads | Salmonella typhi, Shigella spp., S. faecalis, and Pseudomonas spp. | [11] | Ghana | Salad (leaves and fresh vegetables) | Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., Aeromonas spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Citrobacter spp. | [53] | Ghana | Salad (leaves and fresh vegetables) | Salmonella spp. and Helminth eggs | [74] | Ghana | Cucumber, carrot, onions, tomatoes, and cabbage | Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Cystoisospora belli, and Toxoplasma gondii, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Taenia spp., Moniezia spp., and Fasciola spp. | [108] | Ghana | Cabbage, lettuce, carrot, and green pepper | Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides, Moniezia spp., Entamoeba coli, Toxocara spp., Taenia spp., Fasciola hepatica, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, and Toxoplasma gondii | [2] | Nigeria | Vegetable salad | Listeria monocytogenes | [57] | Nigeria | Carrot, lettuce, cabbage, and cucumber | Mucor spp., A. fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Neurospora crassa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas | [72] | Nigeria | Vegetable salads | Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. | [84] | Nigeria | Ready-to-eat vegetable salads | Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., E. coli, Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., and Aeromonas hydrophila | [83] | Nigeria | Fresh vegetable salads | Aeromonas spp., Serratia species, Pseudomonas spp., Corynebacterium, Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Aspergillus spp., and Rhizopus spp. | [47] | Nigeria | Vegetable salads | Enterobacter spp. and Streptococcus spp. | [46] | Nigeria | Cabbage, lettuce, carrot, and cream | Serratia spp., Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. | [87] | Nigeria | Vegetable salads | Acinetobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus epidermis, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Citrobacter freundii | [61] | Ethiopia | Vegetable salads | Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 | [50] | Ivory Coast | Tomatoes, onion, cucumber, and lettuce | E coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella | [75] | Kenya | Kachumbari (dhania, onions, tomatoes, and chilli) | Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 | [64] | Kenya | Onion, lettuce, carrot, tomatoes, cabbage, chilli, coriander, and green capsicum | Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter spp., and Staphylococcus spp. | [65] | Egypt | Cucumber, carrot, onions, tomatoes, cabbage, and parsley | Shigella, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus | [167] | Egypt | Arugula, coriander, parsley, celery dill, lettuce, cucumber, tomato, green pepper, and mint | Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella | [73] |
| Asia | Pakistan | Lettuce, tomato, onion, cucumber, and carrot | Escherichia coli O157:H7 | [69] | Pakistan | Vegetable salads | Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella spp., Citrobacter spp., Pantoea spp., Bacillus species, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | [86] | Iran | Lettuce, coleslaw, cucumber, carrot, and tomato | Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Geotrichum, Trityracium, and Aspergillus | [56] | Iran | Vegetable salads | Helicobacter pylori | [60] | Iran | Lettuce, cabbage, tomato, cucumber, and carrot | Escherichia coli O157:H7 | [59] | Iran | Vegetable salads | Yeast, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and parasitic eggs | [68] | Iran | Lettuce | Shigella spp. | [77] | Iran | Mixed fresh cut vegetable salads | Yeast, mould, E coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus | [52] | India | Ready-to-eat green vegetable salads | Listeria spp. and Yersinia spp. | [58] | Saudi Arabia | Tabbouleh, Fattoush, Hummus, Mutabbel, and Caesar | Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., and E. aerogenes | [76] | Saudi Arabia | Tabbouleh, Fattoush, Hummus, Mutabbel, and Caesar | Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus cereus, Acinetobacter, Serratia marcescens. Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Kluyvera cryocrescens, Enterobacter spp., Pantoea spp., and Escherichia coli O157:H7 | [168] | Bangladesh | Cucumber, tomato, and carrot | E coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Salmonella spp. | [67] |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | Mexico | Vegetable salad samples | Salmonella | [169] | Mexico | Lettuce, tomato, onion, cucumber, carrot, spinach, mushrooms, watercress, wheat sprouts, and radish | E coli, faecal coliform, and diarrhoeagenic E coli pathotypes | [170] | Brazil | Lettuce, carrot, cabbage, spinach, collard green, and watercress | Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella | [171] | Brazil | Kale, cabbage, lettuce, onion, parsley, chicory, spinach, arugula, watercress, carrot, collard green, and escarole | Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella | [172, 173] | Brazil | Cabbage, kale, lettuce, spinach, parsley, and collard green | Cronobacter spp. | [174] | Brazil | Lettuce | Balantidium coli, Giardia spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba spp., and Strongyloides stercoralis | [175] | Chile | Vegetable salads | Listeria monocytogenes | [176] |
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