Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Phytochemical Profile of Nonea pulmonarioides and Its Antifungal, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities
Table 6
GC-MS analysis of petroleum ether, acetone, and methanol extracts from N. pulmonarioides.
No.
Name compound
TRa
Similarity (%)b
NPPEc
NPAEc
NPMEc
% Concentration
1
Heptane
5.830
84
0.2
0.84
0.51
2
Unknown
9.865
38
0.47
1.52
1.02
3
D-limonene
17.615
99
0.32
1.17
0.9
4
Sec-butyl propenyl disulfide
24.354
96
0.2
—
—
5
Citronellol
27.034
98
3.53
1.74
—
6
Geraniol
28.160
94
0.48
—
—
7
Citronellyl formate
32.578
87
0.47
—
—
8
Eugenol
32.887
98
0.23
—
—
9
Geranyl acetate
33.841
91
0.35
—
—
10
Methyleugenol
34.853
98
0.5
—
—
11
Caryophyllene
36.053
99
0.37
—
—
12
Α-Guaiene
36.602
99
0.3
—
—
13
Α.-humulene
37.579
99
0.36
—
—
14
Germacrene D
38.619
98
0.56
1.03
—
15
Pentadecane
39.082
97
0.93
1.43
0.67
16
Α-bulnesene
39.419
99
0.12
—
—
17
Dodecanoic acid
41.734
99
6.76
3.85
3.09
18
Dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester
42.780
64
0.16
—
—
19
Hexadecane
43.077
97
0.47
0.94
0.77
20
Tridecanoic acid
45.397
99
0.69
—
1.01
21
Ethyl tridecanoate
45.603
99
—
—
45.94
22
8-Heptadecene
46.038
98
0.56
—
—
23
Heptadecane
46.878
98
4.34
6.29
0.85
24
Farnesol
47.541
90
0.28
—
—
25
Unknown
48.472
64
—
—
3.76
26
Dodecanoyl chloride
48.644
50
0.53
—
—
27
Tetradecanoic acid
49.101
99
2.69
1.5
1.32
28
Dibenzothiophene
49.290
96
—
—
0.77
29
Benzyl benzoate
49.558
96
0.39
—
—
30
Octadecane
50.467
98
0.61
0.9
0.73
31
Unknown
50.850
38
—
—
0.77
32
Unknown
51.073
74
0.21
—
0.67
33
Neophytadiene
51.736
76
0.64
2.39
—
34
Unknown
51.901
53
0.24
—
—
35
Benzoic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester
52.627
80
0.62
—
—
36
Unknown
52.862
38
—
—
0.70
37
Z-5-nonadecene
53.056
97
4.95
6.79
—
38
Unknown
53.307
64
0.78
—
—
39
Nonadecane
53.959
98
18.34
35.74
1.32
40
Methyl palmitate
54.696
99
0.91
—
—
41
Unknown
55.559
25
0.17
—
—
42
Dibutyl phthalate
55.714
97
0.2
0.82
—
43
N-Hexadecanoic acid
55.976
99
6.16
3.77
5.40
44
Unknown
56.331
58
0.47
—
—
45
Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
56.914
83
0.23
—
0.68
46
Eicosane
57.177
96
1.79
3.21
—
47
Henicos-1-ene
59.491
97
0.37
—
—
48
Linoleic acid, methyl ester
60.057
99
1.75
—
0.57
49
Heneicosane
60.314
99
8.62
15.68
—
50
Gamolenic acid
60.892
99
1.25
—
—
51
Methyl stearate
61.057
99
0.84
—
—
52
Linoleic acid
61.389
99
7.05
2.09
5.27
53
Oleic acid
61.606
99
15.89
8.30
13.72
54
Octadecanoic acid
62.206
99
1.64
—
1.16
55
Pentacosane
62.452
98
—
—
8.41
NO.
Compound type total in (NPPE, NPAE and NPME)
% And (number) in NPPE
% And (number) in NPAE
% And (number) in NPME
1
Sesquiterpenoids
2.35(6)
3.42(2)
—
2
Monoterpene
0.32(1)
1.17(1)
0.9(1)
3
Ester
5.92 (10)
0.82(1)
47.19(3)
4
Monoterpenoid
4.01 (2)
1.74(1)
—
5
Acyclic sesquiterpene
0.28(1)
—
—
6
Fatty acid
42.13(8)
19.51(5)
30.97(7)
7
Hydrocarbon
41.19(11)
71.82(9)
13.26(7)
8
Unknown
2.34(6)
1.52(1)
6.91(5)
9
Other
1.46(4)
—
0.77(1)
10
Total
100
100
100
aRetention time and bmass spectra were compared to MS databases that were accessible and cpeak area percentage was calculated from the GC-FID chromatogram; NPPE: petroleum ether extract; NPAE: acetone extract; NPME: methanol extract.