Journal of Food Quality

Research Article

Phenolic Profiling of Berries Waste and Determination of Their Antioxidant Potential

Table 3

Characterization of phenolic compounds in different Berry wastes by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS.


No.	Compound Name	Molecular formula	RT (min)	Mode (ESI+/ESI-)	Molecular Weight	Theoretical Weight	Observed Weight	Mass error	MS/MS Product ion	Berries waste

Phenolic acids
Hydroxybenzoic acid
1	Gallic acid	C₇H₆O₅	9.7	[M-H]-	170.0215	169.0142	169.0138	−2.4	125	RAB, BLB, BKB
2	Galloyl glucose	C₁₃H₁₆O₁₀	10.186	[M-H]-	332.0743	331.067	331.0681	3.3	169, 125	BLB, STB, RAB
3	2-Hydroxybenzoic acid	C₇H₆O₃	11.108	[M-H]-	138.0317	137.0244	137.0241	−2.2	93	RAB
4	4-O-Methylgallic acid	C₈H₈O₅	14.479	[M+H]+	184.0372	185.0445	185.0448	1.6	170, 142	BKB, BLB
5	4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-O-glucoside	C₁₃H₁₆O₈	20.429	[M-H]-	300.0845	299.0772	299.0767	−1.7	255, 137	STB, RAB
6	Protocatechuic acid 4-O-glucoside	C₁₃H₁₆O₉	20.777	[M-H]-	316.0794	315.0721	315.0723	0.6	153	STB, RAB, BLB
7	3,4-O-Dimethylgallic acid	C₉H₁₀O₅	22.848	[M+H]+	198.0528	199.0601	199.0597	−2.0	153, 139, 125, 111	BLB, STB, RAB, BKB
8	Ellagic acid glucoside	C₂₀H₁₆O₁₃	35.505	[M-H]-	464.0591	463.0518	463.0504	−3.0	301	STB, RAB
9	2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	C₇H₆O₄	38.316	[M-H]-	154.0266	153.0193	153.019	−2.0	109	BLB, STB, RAB,
10	Ellagic acid arabinoside	C₁₉H₁₄O₁₂	40.862	[M-H]-	434.0485	433.0412	433.0399	−3.0	300	RAB, STB, BKB, BLB
11	Ellagic acid	C₁₄H₆O₈	44.556	[M-H]-	302.0063	300.999	300.9987	−1.0	284, 229, 201	RAB, BKB, STB
12	Ellagic acid acetyl-xyloside	C₂₁H₁₆O₁₃	54.198	[M-H]-	476.0591	475.0518	475.0525	1.5	301	RAB
Hydroxycinnamic acids
13	Ferulic acid 4-O-glucuronide	C₁₆H₁₈O₁₀	4.272	[M-H]-	370.09	369.0827	369.0808	−5.1	193	BLB
14	3-Sinapoylquinic acid	C₁₈H₂₂O₁₀	14.245	[M-H]-	398.1213	397.114	397.1136	−1.0	233, 179	BLB
15	Caffeoyl glucose	C₁₅H₁₈O₉	18.994	[M-H]-	342.0951	341.0878	341.0881	0.9	179, 161	RAB, BLB, STB
16	1-Sinapoyl-2,2′-diferuloylgentiobiose	C₄₃H₄₈O₂₁	19.728	[M-H]-	900.2688	899.2615	899.2623	0.9	613, 201	BKB
17	Caffeic acid 3-O-glucuronide	C₁₅H₁₆O₁₀	20.518	[M-H]-	356.0743	355.067	355.0671	0.3	179	RAB, BLB, STB
18	3-Feruloylquinic acid	C₁₇H₂₀O₉	23.036	[M-H]-	368.1107	367.1034	367.1049	4.1	298, 288, 192, 191	RAB
19	Isoferulic acid	C₁₀H₁₀O₄	23.158	[M-H]-	194.0579	193.0506	193.0511	2.6	178, 149, 134	BLB, RAB
20	Ferulic acid 4-O-glucoside	C₁₆H₂₀O₉	23.158	[M-H]-	356.1107	355.1034	355.1028	−1.7	193, 178, 149, 134	BLB
21	3-Caffeoylquinic acid	C₁₆H₁₈O₉	24.764	[M-H]-	354.0951	353.0878	353.0876	−0.6	253, 190, 144	BLB, BKB
22	p-Coumaric acid 4-O-glucoside	C₁₅H₁₈O₈	25.068	[M-H]-	326.1002	325.0929	325.0921	−2.5	163	STB, BLB, BKB
23	m-Coumaric acid	C₉H₈O₃	25.068	[M-H]-	164.0473	163.04	163.0407	4.3	119	STB, RAB, BLB, BKB
24	Sinapic acid	C₁₁H₁₂O₅	25.985	[M-H]-	224.0685	223.0612	223.0613	0.4	205, 163	RAB, BLB
25	Caffeic acid	C₉H₈O₄	29.254	[M-H]-	180.0423	179.035	179.0353	1.7	143, 133	BLB
26	1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid	C₂₅H₂₄O₁₂	54.005	[M-H]-	516.1268	515.1195	515.1167	−5.4	353, 335, 191, 179	BLB
Hydroxyphenylacetic acids
27	2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid	C₈H₈O₃	14.156	[M-H]-	152.0473	151.04	151.0393	−4.6	136, 92	RAB
28	3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	C₈H₈O₄	24.599	[M-H]-	168.0423	167.035	167.0355	3.0	149, 123	BLB, RAB
Hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids
29	Dihydroferulic acid 4-sulfate	C₁₀H₁₂O₇S	4.073	[M-H]-	276.0304	275.0231	275.0229	−0.7	195, 151, 177	BLB, STB
30	3-Hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid	C₉H₁₀O₄	14.156	[M-H]-	182.0579	181.0506	181.0501	−2.8	163, 135, 119	RAB, BLB
Flavonoids
Flavanols
31	(-)-Epigallocatechin	C₁₅H₁₄O₇	14.129	[M-H]-	306.074	305.0667	305.0651	−5.2	261, 219	BLB,
32	(-)-Epicatechin	C₁₅H₁₄O₆	23.875	[M-H]-	290.079	289.0717	289.073	4.5	245, 205, 179	STB, BLB, RAB
33	Procyanidin dimer B1	C₃₀H₂₆O₁₂	27.851	[M-H]-	578.1424	577.1351	577.1352	0.2	451	STB, RAB,
34	Procyanidin trimer C1	C₄₅H₃₈O₁₈	33.638	[M-H]-	866.2058	865.1985	865.1967	−2.1	739, 713, 695	RAB, BKB
35	4′-O-Methylepigallocatechin	C₁₆H₁₆O₇	35.718	[M+H]+	320.0896	321.0969	321.096	−2.8	302	BLB
36	Prodelphinidin dimer B3	C₃₀H₂₆O₁₄	42.89	[M+H]+	610.1323	611.1396	611.1418	3.6	469, 311, 291	BLB, RAB
Flavones
37	Apigenin 7-O-(6″-malonyl-apiosyl-glucoside)	C₂₉H₃₀O₁₇	28.105	[M-H]-	650.1483	649.141	649.1391	−2.9	605	RAB
38	Apigenin 6,8-di-C-glucoside	C₂₇H₃₀O₁₅	29.928	[M-H]-	594.1585	593.1512	593.1521	1.5	503, 473	RAB, STB, BLB, BKB
39	Chrysoeriol 7-O-glucoside	C₂₂H₂₂O₁₁	34.774	[M+H]+	462.1162	463.1235	463.1229	−1.3	445, 427, 409, 381	BLB
40	Diosmin	C₂₈H₃₂O₁₅	39.307	[M+H]+	608.1741	609.1814	609.1808	−1.0	301, 286	BKB
41	Apigenin 6-C-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀	40.889	[M-H]-	432.1056	431.0983	431.0995	2.8	413, 341, 311	STB, RAB, BLB
42	6-Hydroxyluteolin 7-O-rhamnoside	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₁	51.707	[M-H]-	448.1006	447.0933	447.0913	−4.5	301	STB, RAB, BKB, BLB
Flavanones
43	Naringin	C₂₇H₃₂O₁₄	41.701	[M-H]-	580.1792	579.1719	579.1713	−1.0	271	STB
44	Hesperetin 3′-O-glucuronide	C₂₂H₂₂O₁₂	51.387	[M-H]-	478.1111	477.1038	477.1021	−3.6	301, 175, 113, 85	BLB
45	Hesperetin 3′-sulfate	C₁₆H₁₄O₉S	87.181	[M-H]-	382.0359	381.0286	381.0287	0.3	301, 286, 257, 242	BKB
Flavonols
46	Kaempferol 3-O-xylosyl-glucoside	C₂₆H₂₈O₁₅	21.074	[M+H]+	580.1428	581.1501	581.1523	3.8	419, 401, 383	STB, RAB
47	Quercetin 3-O-xylosyl-glucuronide	C₂₆H₂₆O₁₇	26.47	[M+H]+	610.117	611.1243	611.1254	1.8	479, 303, 285, 239	RAB, STB
48	Kaempferol 3-O-glucosyl-rhamnosyl-galactoside	C₃₃H₄₀O₂₀	27.211	[M-H]-	756.2113	755.204	755.2051	1.5	285	RAB
49	Kaempferol 3-O-(2″-rhamnosyl-galactoside) 7-O-rhamnoside	C₃₃H₄₀O₁₉	30.01	[M-H]-	740.2164	739.2091	739.2087	−0.5	593, 447, 285	RAB
50	Myricetin 3-O-rutinoside	C₂₇H₃₀O₁₇	36.902	[M-H]-	626.1483	625.141	625.1393	−2.7	301	RAB
51	Myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₂	37.824	[M-H]-	464.0955	463.0882	463.0888	1.3	317	STB, RAB, BLB, BKB
52	Myricetin 3-O-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₃	38.564	[M-H]-	480.0904	479.0831	479.0808	−4.8	317	BLB
53	Quercetin 3′-sulfate	C₁₅H₁₀O₁₀S	42.143	[M-H]-	381.9995	380.9922	380.9932	2.6	301	BLB
54	Kaempferol 3,7-O-diglucoside	C₂₇H₃₀O₁₆	43.021	[M-H]-	610.1534	609.1461	609.1443	−3.0	447, 285	BLB, RAB, BKB, STB
55	Quercetin 3′-O-glucuronide	C₂₁H₁₈O₁₃	45.113	[M-H]-	478.0747	477.0674	477.0671	−0.6	301	STB, BLB, RAB
56	Quercetin 3-O-(6	C₂₄H₂₂O₁₅	49.085	[M+H]+	550.0959	551.1032	551.1023	−1.6	303	BLB
57	Quercetin 3-O-arabinoside	C₂₀H₁₈O₁₁	49.416	[M-H]-	434.0849	433.0776	433.0758	−4.2	301	BLB, RAB
58	Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucuronide	C₂₂H₂₀O₁₃	53.828	[M-H]-	492.0904	491.0831	491.0824	−1.4	315, 300, 272, 255	STB, BLB
Isoflavonoids
59	2′-Hydroxyformononetin	C₁₆H₁₂O₅	12.326	[M+H]+	284.0685	285.0758	285.0762	1.4	270, 229	BKB
60	Formononetin 7-O-glucuronide	C₂₂H₂₀O₁₀	21.782	[M-H]-	444.1056	443.0983	443.0977	−1.4	267, 252	BKB
61	5,6,7,3′,4′-Pentahydroxyisoflavone	C₁₅H₁₀O₇	23.461	[M+H]+	302.0427	303.05	303.05	0.0	285, 257	BLB, RAB, STB
62	3′-Hydroxygenistein	C₁₅H₁₀O₆	29.534	[M+H]+	286.0477	287.055	287.0538	−4.2	269, 259	RAB, BKB, STB, BLB
63	3′-Hydroxydaidzein	C₁₅H₁₀O₅	31.989	[M+H]+	270.0528	271.0601	271.0612	4.1	253, 241, 225	STB
64	6''-O-Malonylglycitin	C₂₅H₂₄O₁₃	32.472	[M+H]+	532.1217	533.129	533.1308	3.4	285, 270, 253	BLB
65	3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyisoflavanone	C₁₅H₁₂O₅	36.267	[M-H]-	272.0685	271.0612	271.0618	2.2	177, 151, 119, 107	STB
66	6″-O-Malonyldaidzin	C₂₄H₂₂O₁₂	39.379	[M+H]+	502.1111	503.1184	503.1181	−0.6	255	BLB
67	6″-O-Malonylgenistin	C₂₄H₂₂O₁₃	39.807	[M+H]+	518.106	519.1133	519.1146	2.5	271	STB, BLB
Anthocyanins
68	Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₁O₁₂	23.693	[M+H]+	465.1033	466.1106	466.1122	3.4	303	BLB
69	Peonidin 3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucoside	C₃₃H₄₁O₂₀	26.503	[M+H]+	757.2191	758.2264	758.2227	−4.9	595, 449, 287	RAB
70	Delphinidin 3-O-arabinoside	C₂₀H₁₉O₁₁	27.403	[M+H]+	435.0927	436.1	436.1002	0.5	303	BLB
71	4-O-Methyldelphinidin 3-O-D-glucoside	C₂₂H₂₃O₁₂	28.579	[M+H]+	479.119	480.1263	480.1275	2.5	317, 303, 285, 271	BLB
72	Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside	C₂₁H₂₁O₁₁	31.975	[M+H]+	449.1084	450.1157	450.1165	1.8	287	BLB, RAB, STB, BKB
73	Isopeonidin 3-O-arabinoside	C₂₁H₂₁O₁₀	34.642	[M+H]+	433.1135	434.1208	434.1216	1.8	271, 253, 243	BLB, BKB, STB
74	Cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside	C₂₇H₃₁O₁₆	42.874	[M+H]+	611.1612	612.1685	612.171	4.1	449, 287	BLB, BKB, STB, RAB
75	Cyanidin 3-O-(6″-p-coumaroyl-glucoside)	C₃₀H₂₇O₁₃	48.704	[M+H]+	595.1452	594.1379	594.1374	−0.8	287	BLB, BKB, STB,
Dihydroflavonols
76	Dihydroquercetin 3-O-rhamnoside	C₂₁H₂₂O₁₁	32.876	[M-H]-	450.1162	449.1089	449.1087	−0.4	303	RAB, BKB
77	Dihydromyricetin 3-O-rhamnoside	C₂₁H₂₂O₁₂	35.511	[M-H]-	466.1111	465.1038	465.1036	−0.4	301	RAB, STB, BKB
78	Dihydroquercetin	C₁₅H₁₂O₇	36.405	[M-H]-	304.0583	303.051	303.0506	−1.3	285, 275, 151	RAB, BLB, BKB
Dihydrochalcones
79	3-Hydroxyphloretin 2′-O-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₄O₁₁	19.176	[M-H]-	452.1319	451.1246	451.1231	−3.3	289, 273	RAB
80	Phloridzin	C₂₁H₂₄O₁₀	55.965	[M-H]-	436.1369	435.1296	435.1289	−1.6	273	STB, BLB
Other Polyphenols
Hydroxybenzaldehydes
81	p-Anisaldehyde	C₈H₈O₂	13.734	[M+H]+	136.0524	137.0597	137.0595	−1.5	122, 109	BKB, STB, BLB
82	4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	C₇H₆O₂	30.518	[M-H]-	122.0368	121.0295	121.0301	5.0	77	STB, BKB
Tyrosols
83	3,4-DHPEA-AC	C₁₀H₁₂O₄	45.776	[M-H]-	196.0736	195.0663	195.0657	−3.1	135	STB
Other polyphenols
84	Arbutin	C₁₂H₁₆O₇	7.436	[M-H]-	272.0896	271.0823	271.0831	3.0	109	BLB, RAB
Lignans
85	Episesamin	C₂₀H₁₈O₆	4.305	[M-H]-	354.1103	353.103	353.1014	−4.5	338, 163	BLB
86	Schisantherin A	C₃₀H₃₂O₉	34.04	[M+H]+	536.2046	537.2119	537.2123	0.7	519, 415, 385, 371	RAB, BKB, STB
87	Secoisolariciresinol-sesquilignan	C₃₀H₃₈O₁₀	38.134	[M-H]-	558.2465	557.2392	557.2393	0.2	539, 521, 509, 361	BLB

Compounds were detected in both negative [M-H]^- and positive [M+H]⁺ mode of ionization while only single mode data was presented. Berry waste samples mentioned in abbreviations are strawberry waste “STB”, raspberry waste “RAB”, blueberry waste “BLB’’, and blackberry waste “BKB”.