Phytochemical Compounds, Antioxidant, and Digestive Enzymes Inhibitory Activities of Different Fractions from Ginkgo biloba L. Nut Shells

Table 2

Characterization of phytochemical compounds in three different fractions of Ginkgo biloba L. nut shells.

Peak no.	Compounds	Rt^a (min)	[M-H]−m/z	Molecular formula	MS/MS fragment ions	Fractions (%)^b			References
						F	E	IB
1	Gluconic acid	1.48	195.0506	C6H12O7	75.0074 (100), 129.0191 (9.37)	100	233.03	262.55	[30]
2	Malic acid	2.12	133.0132	C4H6O5	71.0125 (100),72.9918 (74.75)	100	55.65	62.55	[31]
3	4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	19.90	137.0235	C7H6O3	99.0334 (100)	100	ND	ND	Standard
4	Eucomic acid	20.56	239.0562	C11H12O6	107.0493 (100), 133.0649(27.46)	100	4.67	7.94	[32]
5	Caffeic acid	21.00	179.0344	C9H7O4	134.0364 (100), 135.0445(63.69)	100	ND	ND	Standard
6	Kaempferol-3-O-2″-glucosylrhamnoside	22.69	593.1525	C15H18O8	285.0406(100)	100	42.02	ND	[33]
7	Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside	22.82	623.1632	C46H23O11	315.0514 (100), 314.0438(40.51)	100	12.03	ND	Standard
8	Ginkgolide C	23.27	439.1252	C20H24O11	383.0127(88.75),365.9188(11.54)	100	ND	20.48	[33]
9	Quercetin-3-O-2″-(6″-p-coumaroyl) glucosylrhamnoside	23.55	755.1846	C36H36O18	609.1474(100), 301.0341(22.03)	100	18.32	ND	[33]
10	Bilobalide	23.63	325.0935	C15H18O8	163.1121(100)	100	ND	ND	[34]
11	Ginkgolide A	25.65	407.1353	C20H24O9	245.1550 (11.73)	100	ND	6.54	[34]
12	Ginkgolide B	25.67	423.1204	C20H24O10	113.0233(89.76)	100	ND	14.21	[34]

^aRt: retention time; ^bND: no detected; the peak areas of each compound in E and IB fractions were normalized with that in the F fraction (100%).