An Artificial Neural Network-Based Pest Identification and Control in Smart Agriculture Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Table 4

Major harmful pests of rice.

Pest	Damage done
Yellow stem borer	It causes dead hearts or drying of the central tiller during the vegetative stage and causes whiteheads at the reproductive stage.
Rice bug	Dead hearts or drying of the central tiller is produced during the vegetative stage, while whiteheads are produced during the reproductive stage. Eating florets and sucking sap from developing rice grains can help reduce tough rice production.
Rice water weevil	Leave small longitudinal scars parallel to the midrib of the leaf on the top surface of rice leaves.
Rice case worm	To build leaf casings, they might chop off the tips of the leaves. Cut leaves at an angle like a pair of scissors with their feeding harm.
Rice leaf roller/leaf folder	Infested plants are less able to compete with weeds because of the damage caused by leaf miners.
Rice thrips	Plant growth is slowed down, vigour is reduced, and the damaged plants become less competitive with weeds.
	They feed on the rice crop’s leaves, producing damage such as leaf bending and discolouration.
Gall midge	At the base of the tiller, the gall midge creates a tubular gall known as an onion leaf or silver shoot.
White-backed planthopper	Planthopper damage results in yellowing and rust-reding of the plants, which spreads from the leaf tips to the rest of the plants.