An Artificial Neural Network-Based Pest Identification and Control in Smart Agriculture Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Table 5

Major pests of corn.

Pest	Damage done
European corn borer	Young larvae’s tassels, whorls, and leaf sheath tissue are their primary source of food; they also mine the midribs and ingest pollen that accumulates behind the sheath.
Corn earworm	Take care during feeding, as an injury to half of an animal’s ear might occur before larval growth is finished.
Fall armyworms	As a general rule, larvae prefer to eat vegetation, although they can also feed on maize ears amid strong infestations.
Cutworms	Larvae prefer foliage as a food source, although they may also feed on maize ears when heavy infestation occurs.
	The stems of immature plants can be gnawed at or near the soil surface.
Corn root webworm	These animals may also chew on plant stems that are slightly above or below ground level. Deformed plants are common as a result of this.
Corn flea beetle	Feeds by slicing off the leaf’s uppermost layer of plant tissue. As a result of this process, the leaf’s surface is etched with grey to brown lines or “tracks.”
Western corn rootworm	Feeds primarily on root hairs and outer root tissue; root tips will appear brown and are often tunnelled into and chewed back to the base of the plant.
Spotted cucumber beetle	Large, deep-rooted plants are less vulnerable to damage than smaller ones.
Corn leaf aphids	The sooty residue is left behind by honeybees after suckling on honeydew, which is black and sticky. Those maize leaves that are severely damaged have swollen, yellow discolourations on them.
Seedcorn maggot	Before sprouting, remove the germs from the seeds by digging into them. Damaged seeds may sprout, but their nutritional supplies are depleted; therefore, the plant will not be able to thrive.