Characterization of Various Honey Samples from Different Regions of Morocco Using Physicochemical Parameters, Minerals Content, Antioxidant Properties, and Honey-Specific Protein Pattern

Table 2

Physicochemical parameters and minerals content in honey samples.

Sample

pH

Free acidity (mEq/kg)

Lactone acidity (mEq/kg)

Total acidity (mEq/kg)

Moisture (%)

Electrical conductivity (mS/cm)

Ash%

Pfund (mm)

Na (mm/kg)

K (mm/kg)

Ca (mm/kg)

Mg (mm/kg)

S1

4.05 ± 0.03^b

11.45 ± 0.12^hi

9.51 ± 0.50^cd

20.96 ± 0.15^j

17.20 ± 0.22^bc

443.00 ± 20.00^h

0.28 ± 0.01^g

83.06 ± 0.01^j

41.64 ± 0.54^o

270.57 ± 0.85^s

28.49 ± 0.21^o

19.76 ± 1.25^n

S2

3.71 ± 0.02^b

21.00 ± 1.00^d

11.10 ± 0.10^cd

32.10 ± 0.35^e

18.60 ± 0.41^b

472.33 ± 3.22^g

0.31 ± 0.01^ef

64.21 ± 0.10^m

128.16 ± 0.4^f

286.78 ± 0.42^r

25.98 ± 1.20^o

17.44 ± 0.56^o

S3

3.59 ± 0.10^b

20.51 ± 0.50^d

8.10 ± 0.36^f

28.61 ± 0.52^g

17.50 ± 0.50^bc

444.00 ± 20.00^h

0.33 ± 0.02^ef

75.01 ± 0.12^l

117.89 ± 1.21^h

667.46 ± 0.78^h

77.27 ± 1.35^i

42.36 ± 1.25^e

S4

4.30 ± 0.20^a

14.41 ± 0.90^g

7.51 ± 0.12^f

21.92 ± 0.45^j

17.70 ± 0.23^bc

620.83 ± 1.53^c

0.42 ± 0.05^d

63.43 ± 0.11^m

154.35 ± 0.54^d

1014.28 ± 2.36^c

67.57 ± 0.78^k

13.55 ± 0.56^p

S5

4.07 ± 0.04^b

12.00 ± 0.15^hi

6.30 ± 0.22^f

18.30 ± 0.30^k

19.80 ± 0.12^a

242.00 ± 30.00^m

0.17 ± 0.01^gh

25.58 ± 0.23^q

114.74 ± 0.41^i

424.24 ± 1.25^o

79.35 ± 1.20^h

25.76 ± 0.87^j

S6

4.20 ± 0.10^a

13.51 ± 0.60^h

6.00 ± 0.12^f

19.51 ± 0.40^k

19.50 ± 0.52^a

223.00 ± 40.00^n

0.20 ± 0.01^g

33.13 ± 0.13^p

71.48 ± 0.52^l

622.95 ± 2.32^j

86.36 ± 0.36^g

28.15 ± 0.47^h

S7

3.94 ± 0.20^a

14.45 ± 0.12^g

7.41 ± 0.52^f

21.86 ± 0.40^j

17.10 ± 0.36^d

577.33 ± 4.22^d

0.35 ± 0.01^e

103.77 ± 0.62^e

114.63 ± 0.21^i

947.36 ± 3.25^e

93.21 ± 0.98^f

35.13 ± 0.36^f

S8

3.94 ± 0.40^a

16.05 ± 0.80^g

10.11 ± 0.63^cd

26.16 ± 0.30^h

18.80 ± 0.20^b

510.67 ± 1.23^e

0.55 ± 0.02^c

78.74 ± 0.14^k

78.16 ± 1.21^k

847.21 ± 1.25^f

167.57 ± 1.25^d

218.72 ± 1.54^a

S9

3.85 ± 0.00^b

21.51 ± 0.16^d

8.20 ± 0.10^f

29.71 ± 0.62^f

18.70 ± 0.12^b

762.33 ± 2.33^b

0.92 ± 0.02^a

76.19 ± 0.20^l

153.04 ± 1.54^d

987.89 ± 1.25^d

22.12 ± 0.21^p

34.35 ± 0.54^g

S10

3.75 ± 0.10^b

11.45 ± 0.90^hi

9.81 ± 0.41^cd

21.26 ± 0.16^j

17.10 ± 0.32^bc

484.33 ± 4.53^f

0.31 ± 0.01^ef

102.92 ± 0.35^e

131.15 ± 0.65^e

1016.13 ± 4.23^c

26.00 ± 1.23^o

28.07 ± 0.88 ^h

S11

3.79 ± 0.08^b

26.10 ± 0.60^bc

12.15 ± 0.10^c

38.25 ± 0.55^bc

18.80 ± 0.22^b

948.33 ± 1.63^a

0.74 ± 0.01^b

108.91 ± 0.35^c

174.24 ± 2.87^c

806.56 ± 1.23^g

252.43 ± 0.50^8b

60.97 ± 0.58^d

S12

4.00 ± 0.01^a

28.21 ± 0.23^b

14.00 ± 0.36^b

42.28 ± 0.30^a

18.50 ± 0.52^b

700.00 ± 40.00^b

0.52 ± 0.04^c

128.74 ± 1.20^a

233.92 ± 1.32^b

1017.98 ± 3.24^c

80.3 ± 0.69^i

62.52 ± 0.41^c

S13

4.18 ± 0.12^a

18.15 ± 0.90^f

8.03 ± 0.09^f

26.18 ± 0.22^hi

17.30 ± 0.23^bc

345.44 ± 3.12^k

0.31 ± 0.05^e

40.83 ± 0.52^o

104.77 ± 0.65^j

588.92 ± 1.25^l

59.44 ± 1.25^l

40.17 ± 0.78^e

S14

3.80 ± 0.20^b

20.56 ± 0.12^d

6.70 ± 0.23^f

27.26 ± 0.30^h

18.74 ± 0.62^b

231.83 ± 2.21^n

0.13 ± 0.07^gh

19.67 ± 0.64^r

41.66 ± 0.36^o

331.89 ± 2.32^p

37.50 ± 1.80^n

19.44 ± 0.44^l

S15

4.08 ± 0.02^a

21.47 ± 0.40^d

5.09 ± 0.96^g

26.56 ± 0.52^h

19.28 ± 0.20^a

521.60 ± 2.36^e

0.42 ± 0.09^e

56.20 ± 0.12^n

121.30 ± 0.21^g

616.38 ± 1.23^k

77.90 ± 0.36^i

24.02 ± 0.21^j

S16

3.82 ± 0.01^b

18.05 ± 0.22^f

7.15 ± 0.52^f

25.20 ± 0.41^hi

19.15 ± 0.15^a

329.70 ± 5.21^l

0.20 ± 0.01^g

87.34 ± 0.69^i

43.30 ± 0.22^o

494.05 ± 0.23^n

42.05 ± 0.25^m

20.24 ± 0.14^l

S17

3.99 ± 0.01^a

28.43 ± 0.12^b

6.85 ± 0.23^f

35.28 ± 0.30^d

18.15 ± 0.52^b

489.99 ± 5.21^f

0.21 ± 0.06^g

97.24 ± 0.54^f

112.75 ± 0.25^i

303.67 ± 1.24^q

43.97 ± 0.87^m

17.56 ± 0.25^m

S18

3.94 ± 0.02^a

20.04 ± 0.25^de

11.37 ± 0.63^c

31.41 ± 0.40^e

17.75 ± 0.63^bc

428.89 ± 6.12^i

0.29 ± 0.04^g

119.65 ± 0.41^b

78.42 ± 1.22^k

585.99 ± 1.23^l

172.42 ± 1.25^c

36.80 ± 0.87^f

S19

4.14 ± 0.05^a

27.40 ± 0.63^b

7.70 ± 0.52^f

35.10 ± 0.23^d

20.90 ± 0.15^a

913.51 ± 6.21^b

0.49 ± 0.04^d

103.75 ± 0.25^e

264.56 ± 0.45^a

1299.56 ± 3.25^a

283.13 ± 2.36^a

77.23 ± 0.59^b

S20

3.76 ± 0.06^b

22.05 ± 0.41^d

17.50 ± 0.22^a

39.55 ± 0.60^b

19.67 ± 0.34^a

466.67 ± 3.21^g

0.20 ± 0.05^g

89.13 ± 0.74^h

64.56 ± 0.98^m

521.26 ± 0.98^m

121.47 ± 1.54^e

26.42 ± 0.54^i

S21

3.82 ± 0.02^b

30.81 ± 1.20^a

8.45 ± 0.40^e

39.26 ± 0.52^b

17.32 ± 0.42^bc

372.04 ± 2.35^j

0.48 ± 0.05^d

94.18 ± 0.98^g

103.29 ± 1.02^j

1105.58 ± 2.36^b

76.26 ± 0.65^i

30.10 ± 0.86^h

S22

3.94 ± 0.04^a

18.70 ± 0.17^f

7.25 ± 0.54^f

25.95 ± 0.45^hi

19.00 ± 0.56^a

582.35 ± 4.21^d

0.32 ± 0.01^e

106.63 ± 1.21^d

51.60 ± 0.45^n

632.20 ± 3.20^i

71.85 ± 0.89^j

21.45 ± 0.32^l

Mean

3.94

19.83

8.92

28.76

18.33

505.01

0.37

79.92

113.62

699.50

90.57

36.37

SD

0.18

5.76

2.90

7.07

0.92

195.95

0.19

30.28

58.05

296.24

70.28

24.51

All values are expressed as means of triplicate determinations ± SD. Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different by Tukey’s multiple range test ().