Physical Fruit Traits, Proximate Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Profiling of Fatty Acids and Minerals of Wild Jujube (Ziziphus lotus L. (Desf.)) Fruits from Eleven Moroccan Origins
Table 5
Mean values ± standard deviation of total phenolic contents, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of different extracts of Z. lotus (AE: acetone extract, EE: ethanolic extract, ME: methanolic extract, and WE: water extract).
Solvent
Origin
TPC (mg GAE/g DM)
TFC (mg QE/g DM)
DPPH (%)
FRAP (mg AA/g DM)
ABTS (mg TE/g DM)
EE
Rhamna
8.54 ± 0.08a
7.19 ± 0.12d
38.48 ± 0.02k
4.27 ± 0.33a
9.03 ± 0.57de
Taroudant
7.01 ± 0.02a
5.48 ± 0.04a
18.76 ± 0.01a
3.96 ± 0.10a
2.2 ± 0.68a
Tafraout
8.48 ± 0.11a
6.07 ± 0.04b
32.07 ± 0.04h
8.77 ± 0.66b
11.73 ± 0.01e
Taounat
7.24 ± 6.11a
7.9 ± 0.05e
31.35 ± 0.02f
3.79 ± 0.02a
6.55 ± 0.01bcd
Zagora
8.22 ± 0.12a
6.66 ± 0.04c
38.00 ± 0.00j
4.76 ± 0.08a
8.18 ± 0.12ce
Sidi Hrazm
7.63 ± 0.14a
5.4 ± 0.08a
23.04 ± 0.00c
3.26 ± 0.39a
2.98 ± 1.53ab
Lkhmissat
3.56 ± 0.01a
5.60 ± 0.12ab
19.58 ± 0.01b
3.43 ± 0.46a
4.73 ± 0.53ac
B-Jaad
7.83 ± 0.24a
5.51 ± 0.08a
30.88 ± 0.01e
4.06 ± 0.39a
8.46 ± 0.30ce
Khnifra
8.17 ± 0.22a
7.48 ± 0.04de
23.99 ± 0.00d
3.97 ± 0.61a
8.25 ± 1.28ce
Beni Mellal
10.35 ± 0.26a
7.45 ± 0.08de
34.20 ± 0.01i
5.17 ± 0.01a
10.55 ± 0.42e
Zaouit Cheikh
9.64 ± 0.34a
7.01 ± 0.20cd
31.59 ± 0.04g
4.66 ± 0.23a
10.51 ± 0.34e
Average
7.88 ± 0.25
6.52 ± 0.09
29.26 ± 0.67
4.55 ± 0.15
7.56 ± 0.31
ME
Rhamna
9.88 ± 0.10d
7.54 ± 0.29e
47.83 ± 0.02k
9.99 ± 0.32e
22.80 ± 0.96d
Taroudant
8.03 ± 0.16ac
6.13 ± 0.12ac
14.63 ± 0.01c
3.96 ± 0.00a
7.33 ± 1.14ab
Tafraout
10.13 ± 0.02d
6.98 ± 0.24ce
37.13 ± 0.01i
9.73 ± 0.49e
20.19 ± 1.86cd
Taounat
8.97 ± 0.26ac
6.51 ± 0.16bcd
19.24 ± 0.01d
5.02 ± 0.01ab
9.18 ± 1.96ab
Zagora
9.04 ± 0.36bcd
7.19 ± 0.04de
20.19 ± 0.01e
5.71 ± 0.17bc
11.64 ± 0.57ac
Sidi Hrazm
7.54 ± 0.15ab
6.01 ± 0.20ab
11.65 ± 0.01a
4.30 ± 0.13a
2.70 ± 0.53a
Lkhmissat
6.64 ± 0.12a
5.37 ± 0.04a
12.87 ± 0.01b
4.53 ± 0.17a
5.91 ± 1.50ab
B-Jaad
7.61 ± 0.69ab
7.28 ± 0.08de
24.39 ± 0.01h
6.20 ± 0.07c
11.89 ± 3.00ac
Khnifra
9.35 ± 0.01cd
7.22 ± 0.01de
44.85 ± 0.01j
8.25 ± 0.08d
20.72 ± 1.75cd
Beni Mellal
8.69 ± 0.12bcd
7.22 ± 0.08de
20.73 ± 0.01f
5.78 ± 0.19bc
11.43 ± 1.43ac
Zaouit Cheikh
9.37 ± 0.33cd
7.72 ± 0.20e
23.98 ± 0.01g
6.68 ± 0.10c
13.13 ± 2.39bc
Average
8.65 ± 0.11
6.83 ± 0.07
25.22 ± 0.12
6.37 ± 0.21
12.44 ± 0.65
AE
Rhamna
14.09 ± 0.63a
12.10 ± 0.08a
65.19 ± 0.01h
10.0 ± 0.11ab
25.87 ± 0.12ab
Taroudant
12.77 ± 0.22a
11.00 ± 0.37a
27.96 ± 0.01a
8.37 ± 0.56a
22.96 ± 2.23a
Tafraout
18.04 ± 0.52b
15.60 ± 0.24c
49.87 ± 0.01e
11.3 ± 1.10bc
29.36 ± 0.10b
Taounat
20.27 ± 0.47bc
17.90 ± 0.04b
52.28 ± 0.01f
11.5 ± 0.19bc
29.36 ± 0.10b
Zagora
21.67 ± 0.85c
18.90 ± 0.16c
96.64 ± 0.04j
37.5 ± 0.39e
29.32 ± 0.04b
Sidi Hrazm
13.81 ± 0.32a
11.00 ± 0 0.29a
86.16 ± 0.04i
16.6 ± 0.20d
29.32 ± 0.13b
Lkhmissat
14.85 ± 0.32a
12.00 ± 0.29a
29.44 ± 0.01b
8.24 ± 0.60a
29.13 ± 0.40b
B-Jaad
20.95 ± 0.29c
17.40 ± 0.09c
65.19 ± 0.01h
12.5 ± 0.28bc
26.51 ± 0.80ab
Khnifra
20.57 ± 0.06bc
18.20 ± 0.29c
58.60 ± 0.01g
12.4 ± 0.32bc
29.36 ± 0.10b
Beni Mellal
21.50 ± 0.50c
18.30 ± 0.62c
48.92 ± 0.01d
13.0 ± 0.37c
29.29 ± 0.17b
Zaouit Cheikh
21.28 ± 0.30c
18.00 ± 0.04c
38.71 ± 0.01c
13.2 ± 0.60c
29.45 ± 0.04b
Average
18.16 ± 0.35
15.49 ± 0.31
56.26 ± 0.21
14.05 ± 0.79
28.17 ± 0.22
WE
Rhamna
13.63 ± 0.13ab
12.6 ± 0.33a
11.51 ± 0.01g
9.12 ± 0.22a
13.63 ± 0.58ac
Taroudant
11.43 ± 0.61ab
11.8 ± 0.33a
6.05 ± 0.01a
8.12 ± 0.10a
9.80 ± 1.07a
Tafraout
15.29 ± 0.17b
17.56 ± 1.24b
10.23 ± 0.01e
9.99 ± 0.61a
14.83 ± 2.64ac
Taounat
13.97 ± 2.05ab
8.68 ± 1.33a
7.91 ± 0.01d
8.75 ± 0.24a
15.84 ± 0.31ac
Zagora
14.42 ± 0.25ab
11.8 ± 0.83a
12.79 ± 0.01h
9.59 ± 0.18a
17.58 ± 1.96bc
Sidi Hrazm
11.20 ± 0.35a
9.74 ± 0.49a
6.40 ± 0.01b
9.31 ± 0.54a
11.19 ± 0.17ab
Lkhmissat
11.08 ± 0.15a
12.9 ± 0.16a
12.91 ± 0.01i
7.29 ± 2.12a
10.75 ± 0.98ab
B-Jaad
12.77 ± 0.51ab
12.6 ± 0.66a
17.79 ± 0.01k
9.46 ± 0.15a
18.31 ± 1.92c
Khnifra
11.81 ± 0.31ab
13.0 ± 1.41a
11.28 ± 0.01f
9.77 ± 0.10a
19.13 ± 0.22c
Beni Mellal
13.39 ± 0.55ab
9.15 ± 0.01a
7.67 ± 0.01c
8.63 ± 0.69a
13.47 ± 0.08ac
Zaouit Cheikh
10.90 ± 0.25a
9.68 ± 0.41a
14.07 ± 0.01j
9.07 ± 0.52a
16.22 ± 0.31ac
Average
12.71 ± 0.16
11.77 ± 0.25
10.78 ± 0.35
9.01 ± 0.11
14.61 ± 0.33
Different letters within the same column, for each solvent, indicate significant differences ().