Effect of Roasting on the Proximate Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Functional Properties of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (Country Onion) Seeds

Table 2

Functional and physical properties of A. lepidophyllus flours with respect to different roasting treatments.

	WHC (%)	OHC (%)	Swelling capacity (%)	Hausner ratio	Porosity (%)
Control	13.2 ± 0.4^a	8 ± 0^a	12.75 ± 0.35^a	1.18 ± 0.06^a	17.32 ± 1.86^abc
Oven roasting 180°C/10 min	15 ± 0^b	8.05 ± 0.07^bc	19.51 ± 1.87^cd	1.31 ± 0.08^bcd	12.84 ± 1.80^a
Oven roasting 180°C/20 min	16.3 ± 0.4^c	8.17 ± 0.11^bc	26.14 ± 1.61^e	1.21 ± 0.13^ab	21.10 ± 1.95^c
Pot roasting 5 min	15 ± 0^b	8.22 ± 0.03^cd	16.59 ± 2.25^abc	1.26 ± 0.03^abcd	17.06 ± 3.37^abc
Pot roasting 10 min	16 ± 0^c	8.37 ± 0.18^de	23.21 ± 1.12^de	1.23 ± 0.03^abc	18.97 ± 4.11^bc
Pot roasting 15 min	19.5 ± 0.7^d	8.45 ± 0.03^e	30.45 ± 0.64^f	1.35 ± 0.01^cd	26.95 ± 2.23^d
Microwave roasting 200 W/10 min	15 ± 0^b	8.05 ± 0.08^bc	14.60 ± 1.36^ab	1.27 ± 0.04^abcd	14.50 ± 1.64a^b
Microwave roasting 300 W/10 min	19.5 ± 0.7^d	8.45 ± 0.03^e	17.09 ± 1.54^bc	1.34 ± 0.02^bcd	28.36 ± 1.37^d
Microwave roasting 450 W/10 min	20.1 ± 0.3^d	8.50 ± 0.03^f	17.12 ± 2.99^bc	1.37 ± 0.00^d	34.54 ± 0.55^e

Mean values in the same column carrying the same superscript letters are not significantly different (). WHC (water holding capacity), OHC (oil holding capacity), and SC (swelling capacity).