Difference in Quality and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Zingiber officinale Roscoe with Different Drying Methods

Table 2

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of characteristic flavor substance of Zingiber officinale Roscoe treated with different drying methods.

Count	Compound	CAS#	Formula	MW	RI	Rt (sec)	Dt (RIPrel)	Aroma description	Odor thresholds (μg/g)	Content (μg/g)					OAV
										Fresh ginger	VFD	WAD	HAD	ND	Fresh ginger	VFD	WAD	HAD	ND
Terpenes
4	(E,E)-alpha-farnesene	C502614	C15H24	204.4	1823.5	2564.692	1.46182	Fruit aroma	—	17.22 ± 4.10a	3.79 ± 0.59c	11.61 ± 0.36b	13.45 ± 0.04ab	14.60 ± 1.12ab	—	—	—	—	—
12	Junipene	C475207	C15H24	204.4	1661.9	1806.031	1.46174	Timber aroma	—	33.13 ± 8.27a	10.62 ± 0.39b	26.60 ± 1.74a	26.09 ± 0.19a	27.76 ± 1.03a	—	—	—	—	—
13	Beta-elemene	C515139	C15H24	204.4	1609.9	1613.493	1.46174	Fennel aroma (pungent aroma)	—	58.42 ± 16.64a	16.14 ± 0.15c	40.21 ± 2.40b	48.96 ± 0.37ab	52.50 ± 2.14ab	—	—	—	—	—
24	Terpinolene (M)	C586629	C10H16	136.2	1311.9	845	1.30409	Timber aroma	200	2.69 ± 0.41a	1.33 ± 0.10b	3.00 ± 0.04a	1.38 ± 0.01b	1.42 ± 0.16b	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.01
25	Terpinolene (D)	C586629	C10H16	136.2	1311.9	845	1.74194			3.54 ± 0.49a	0.86 ± 0.21c	2.77 ± 0.20b	1.29 ± 0.02c	1.45 ± 0.18c
29	(E)-beta-ocimene	C3779611	C10H16	136.2	1279.6	788.988	1.22079	Grassy aroma, timber aroma, fruit aroma	18.7	3.89 ± 0.63b	2.37 ± 0.06c	5.40 ± 0.04a	2.84 ± 0.004c	2.71 ± 0.10c	0.21	0.13	0.29	0.15	0.14
30	Gamma-terpinene	C99854	C10H16	136.2	1264	764	1.21694	Fruit aroma	1400	3.33 ± 0.55b	1.83 ± 0.24c	4.63 ± 0.25a	1.87 ± 0.01c	1.94 ± 0.09c	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
31	Beta-ocimene	C13877913	C10H16	136.2	1248	739.013	1.21694	Grassy aroma, flower aroma	—	2.18 ± 0.34a	0.94 ± 0.11c	2.50 ± 0.09a	1.31 ± 0.03bc	1.45 ± 0.21b	—	—	—	—	—
38	Alpha-terpinene	C99865	C10H16	136.2	1184	640.915	1.21501	Fruit aroma	2350	4.56 ± 0.84b	2.26 ± 0.05d	5.78 ± 0.18a	3.31 ± 0.02c	3.32 ± 0.38c	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
39	Alpha-phellandrene (M)	C99832	C10H16	136.2	1172.5	616.854	1.66997	Pepper aroma (pungent aroma)	2900	16.03 ± 3.40ab	7.92 ± 0.18c	18.08 ± 0.18a	14.57 ± 0.07ab	12.76 ± 0.29b	0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
40	Alpha-phellandrene (D)	C99832	C10H16	136.2	1172.5	616.854	2.15578			15.25 ± 3.39ab	6.20 ± 0.37c	17.51 ± 0.51a	11.99 ± 0.08b	11.85 ± 0.92b
41	Myrcene (M)	C123353	C10H16	136.2	1160	591.867	1.21886	Fat aroma	130	13.25 ± 2.58a	6.20 ± 0.16c	15.26 ± 0.22a	9.59 ± 0.08b	9.79 ± 0.93b	0.15	0.06	0.18	0.10	0.10
42	Myrcene (D)	C123353	C10H16	136.2	1159.5	590.941	1.6372			6.03 ± 1.18a	1.55 ± 0.04c	7.77 ± 1.17a	3.34 ± 0.04bc	3.57 ± 0.85b
45	Beta-pinene (M)	C127913	C10H16	136.2	1127.2	530.824	1.21516	Fat aroma	180	10.66 ± 2.08ab	6.83 ± 0.21c	12.47 ± 0.08a	9.02 ± 0.06b	8.67 ± 0.11bc	0.22	0.07	0.22	0.15	0.14
46	Beta-pinene (D)	C127913	C10H16	136.2	1126.9	530.215	1.63683			13.63 ± 2.96ab	5.19 ± 0.80d	16.03 ± 0.31a	11.17 ± 0.09bc	10.32 ± 0.66c
47	Beta-pinene (T)	C127913	C10H16	136.2	1127.2	530.824	2.16111			15.06 ± 3.31a	1.38 ± 0.52d	10.87 ± 0.28b	7.33 ± 0.03c	6.31 ± 1.07c
48	(−)-Beta-pinene (M)	C18172673	C10H16	136.2	1111.6	504.029	1.29912	Fat aroma	2000	3.67 ± 0.78ab	2.17 ± 0.09d	4.36 ± 0.03a	3.12 ± 0.02bc	2.60 ± 0.14cd	0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
49	(−)-Beta-pinene (D)	C18172673	C10H16	136.2	1112.3	505.247	1.63683			9.31 ± 1.98ab	4.52 ± 0.25c	10.83 ± 0.24a	8.01 ± 0.30b	7.80 ± 0.34b
50	(−)-Beta-pinene (T)	C18172673	C10H16	136.2	1112.7	505.856	2.16298			9.53 ± 2.10a	1.76 ± 0.46c	8.72 ± 0.38a	5.07 ± 0.06b	5.71 ± 1.04b
53	Camphene	C79925	C10H16	136.2	1091.9	472.972	1.2133	Camphor aroma (pungent aroma)	180	4.61 ± 0.93a	1.31 ± 0.22c	4.82 ± 0.11a	2.62 ± 0.03b	2.90 ± 0.39b	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.02
55	3-Carene	C13466789	C10H16	136.2	1144.4	561.882	1.65922	Fat aroma	9300	1.30 ± 0.25a	0.24 ± 0.03c	1.06 ± 0.06a	0.62 ± 0.02b	0.69 ± 0.10b	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
58	Alpha-pinene	C80568	C10H16	136.2	1031.7	395.632	1.64242	Grassy aroma, timber aroma	100	27.43 ± 6.01a	10.59 ± 0.71c	28.51 ± 0.50a	20.99 ± 1.01b	20.41 ± 1.36b	0.27	0.11	0.29	0.21	0.20
59	Alpha-thujene	C2867052	C10H16	136.2	1041.4	407.202	1.2133	Pungent aroma	—	2.42 ± 0.53b	1.59 ± 0.09c	3.07 ± 0.02a	2.41 ± 0.20b	2.19 ± 0.01b	—	—	—	—	—
36	1,4-Cineole	C470677	C10H18O	154.3	1206.3	677.934	1.72009			9.39 ± 2.06ab	6.17 ± 0.50c	10.84 ± 0.10a	8.24 ± 0.07bc	8.12 ± 0.02bc
Ethers
32	1,8-Cineole (M)	C470826	C10H18O	154.3	1218.7	695.517	1.30176	Camphor aroma (pungent aroma)	2.67	7.02 ± 1.40b	4.98 ± 0.40c	11.20 ± 0.22a	6.68 ± 0.05b	5.67 ± 0.35bc	9.24	6.20	12.37	7.88	7.56
33	1,8-Cineole (D)	C470826	C10H18O	154.3	1218.7	695.517	1.72395			8.26 ± 1.86b	5.39 ± 0.35c	11.00 ± 0.42a	6.11 ± 0.03c	6.40 ± 0.68bc
Aldehydes
1	Citral (M)	C5392405	C10H16O	152.2	1839.9	2657.736	1.04996	Lemon fragrant (fruit aroma)	60	64.46 ± 14.25b	41.44 ± 2.68c	80.66 ± 4.52a	58.23 ± 1.68b	54.18 ± 0.42bc	3.33	1.72	4.25	3.01	2.67
2	Citral (D)	C5392405	C10H16O	152.2	1839.9	2657.736	1.19565			40.93 ± 8.97b	20.73 ± 1.29c	52.08 ± 0.92a	36.94 ± 0.15b	32.68 ± 0.65b
3	Citral (T)	C5392405	C10H16O	152.2	1841	2663.938	1.61311			94.28 ± 20.85b	40.94 ± 2.81c	121.98 ± 5.32a	84.47 ± 0.55b	73.39 ± 2.78b
5	2-Decenal	C3913711	C10H18O	154.3	1764.7	2257.647	1.48983	Fruit aroma	1	18.74 ± 4.52a	2.19 ± 0.18c	9.79 ± 0.14b	9.57 ± 0.02b	7.49 ± 0.27b	18.74	2.19	9.79	9.57	7.49
17	(E)-2-octenal	C2548870	C8H14O	126.2	1435.2	1104.402	1.33225	Fruit aroma	2.7	2.50 ± 0.40a	0.88 ± 0.05d	2.09 ± 0.05b	1.14 ± 0.01c	1.02 ± 0.005cd	0.93	0.33	0.78	0.52	0.38
23	(E)-2-heptenal	C18829555	C7H12O	112.2	1312.5	846.216	1.26848	Fat aroma, fruit aroma	2800	2.00 ± 0.28a	0.82 ± 0.09b	1.94 ± 0.03a	0.93 ± 0.004b	1.05 ± 0.15b	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
26	Octanal	C124130	C8H16O	128.2	1297.8	819.527	1.81841	Fruit aroma	5	2.68 ± 0.44b	0.93 ± 0.01d	3.91 ± 0.35a	1.79 ± 0.01c	1.08 ± 0.41d	0.54	0.19	0.78	0.36	0.22
34	(E)-2-hexenal (M)	C6728263	C6H10O	98.1	1229.5	711.25	1.18031	Grassy aroma	3.1	0.71 ± 0.14a	0.35 ± 0.10bc	0.23 ± 0.02c	0.31 ± 0.004c	0.51 ± 0.06b	0.39	0.14	0.10	0.14	0.23
35	(E)-2-hexenal (D)	C6728263	C6H10O	98.1	1228.9	710.324	1.5196			0.48 ± 0.11a	0.10 ± 0.07b	0.09 ± 0.01b	0.11 ± 0.01b	0.21 ± 0.03b
43	(E)-2-pentenal	C1576870	C5H8O	84.1	1147	566.879	1.10898	Grassy aroma	2700	0.65 ± 0.08d	0.44 ± 0.03e	0.79 ± 0.05c	0.90 ± 0.01b	1.01 ± 0.02a	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
52	Hexanal	C66251	C6H12O	100.2	1097.1	480.279	1.56033	Grassy aroma	160	6.20 ± 1.24b	3.54 ± 0.12c	8.60 ± 0.24a	6.68 ± 0.06b	7.31 ± 0.90ab	0.04	0.02	0.05	0.04	0.05
60	Pentanal	C110623	C5H10O	86.1	998.4	358.484	1.4204	Nutty aroma	3090	1.39 ± 0.28b	1.75 ± 0.07b	2.81 ± 0.03a	3.51 ± 0.02a	3.20 ± 0.76a	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
63	3-Methylbutanal	C590863	C5H10O	86.1	923.8	302.458	1.39801	Nutty aroma	2	8.62 ± 1.91b	5.31 ± 0.28c	12.24 ± 0.60a	7.72 ± 0.09b	7.14 ± 0.48bc	4.31	2.66	6.12	3.86	3.57
66	Acrolein	C107028	C3H4O	56.1	858.4	261.048	1.05657	Pungent aroma	8.3	0.74 ± 0.15a	0.25 ± 0.06b	0.31 ± 0.04b	0.37 ± 0.01b	0.35 ± 0.08b	0.09	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04
68	2-Methylpropanal	C78842	C4H8O	72.1	820	239.412	1.27754	Fruit aroma	1	1.05 ± 0.23a	0.42 ± 0.03b	1.11 ± 0.23a	0.40 ± 0.03b	0.36 ± 0.02b	1.05	0.42	1.11	0.40	0.36
69	Acetaldehyde	C75070	C2H4O	44.1	787.8	222.668	1.0296	Pungent aroma	10000	2.43 ± 0.53a	1.09 ± 0.08c	2.22 ± 0.08ab	1.76 ± 0.003b	2.12 ± 0.04ab	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
75	Diethyl acetal	C105577	C6H14O2	118.2	901.7	287.785	1.02446	Grassy aroma, sweet aroma	—	1.37 ± 0.34c	2.03 ± 0.14b	2.72 ± 0.12a	1.82 ± 0.02b	1.63 ± 0.05bc	—	—	—	—	—
76	Methacrolein	C78853	C4H6O	70.1	888.6	279.413	1.21587	Stink smell	25	0.30 ± 0.08d	0.63 ± 0.11c	2.55 ± 0.02a	1.24 ± 0.01b	2.35 ± 0.22a	0.01	0.03	0.10	0.05	0.09
77	Butanal	C123728	C4H8O	72.1	887.9	278.948	1.27625	Fruit aroma	180	1.37 ± 0.29c	1.12 ± 0.07c	2.87 ± 0.03a	1.83 ± 0.01b	1.93 ± 0.13b	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01
78	Propanal	C123386	C3H6O	58.1	813	235.691	1.14008	Pungent smell	36	1.08 ± 0.17b	1.92 ± 0.17b	4.29 ± 0.26a	4.45 ± 0.03a	5.09 ± 0.96a	0.03	0.05	0.12	0.12	0.14
84	(E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal	C557482	C9H14O	138.2	1605.4	1597.68	1.35655	Grassy aroma	3.9	2.31 ± 0.39c	2.15 ± 0.19c	5.24 ± 0.52a	3.03 ± 0.03b	3.01 ± 0.09b	0.59	0.55	1.34	0.78	0.77
Ketones
9	2-Undecanone (M)	C112129	C11H22O	170.3	1693	1932.178	1.55555	Citrus aroma (fruit aroma)	30	30.47 ± 6.03a	2.71 ± 0.59c	11.58 ± 0.71b	6.83 ± 0.07bc	10.19 ± 1.78b	1.65	0.11	0.43	0.26	0.40
10	2-Undecanone (D)	C112129	C11H22O	170.3	1693	1932.178	2.10113			18.98 ± 3.07a	0.45 ± 0.13b	1.43 ± 0.36b	0.86 ± 0.13b	1.70 ± 0.44b
19	2-Nonanone	C821556	C9H18O	142.2	1395.5	1013.142	1.87569	Fruit aroma	31	37.49 ± 5.96a	1.17 ± 0.85c	10.83 ± 1.45b	1.01 ± 0.05c	6.37 ± 3.28bc	1.21	0.04	0.35	0.03	0.21
20	6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	C110930	C8H14O	126.2	1344.9	907.842	1.17698	Fruit aroma	1800	28.76 ± 4.94b	14.31 ± 0.74d	35.88 ± 0.54a	20.48 ± 0.20c	22.58 ± 0.21c	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01
27	2-Octanone	C111137	C8H16O	128.2	1292.4	810.273	1.75672	Flower aroma, grassy aroma	60	8.56 ± 1.44a	6.75 ± 0.27b	8..41 ± 0.23a	7.59 ± 0.05ab	7.07 ± 0.16ab	0.14	0.11	0.14	0.13	0.12
37	2-Heptanone	C110430	C7H14O	114.2	1190.9	655.723	1.62756	Pungent aroma	3.5	25.70 ± 5.63a	8.06 ± 1.33d	21.73 ± 1.43ab	13.30 ± 0.11cd	16.90 ± 2.35bc	7.34	2.30	6.21	3.80	4.83
54	2,3-Pentanedione	C600146	C5H8O2	100.1	1070.9	444.35	1.2133	Nutty aroma	63	17.30 ± 3.78ab	6.62 ± 0.54c	18.48 ± 0.38a	13.19 ± 0.14b	13.68 ± 1.08b	0.27	0.11	0.29	0.21	0.22
61	Diacetyl	C431038	C4H6O2	86.1	962.3	329.862	1.18531	Creamy aroma	3	6.61 ± 1.51b	3.00 ± 0.34c	9.02 ± 0.54a	5.97 ± 0.01b	5.85 ± 0.84b	2.20	1.00	3.01	1.99	1.95
64	2-Butanone	C78933	C4H8O	72.1	911.1	293.933	1.24315	Pungent aroma	—	5.64 ± 1.02a	1.36 ± 0.05d	3.07 ± 0.10c	4.48 ± 0.05b	4.85 ± 0.05ab	—	—	—	—	—
67	Acetone	C67641	C3H6O	58.1	831.7	245.824	1.11068	Pungent aroma	20000	18.93 ± 4.13b	10.92 ± 0.45c	24.61 ± 0.48a	21.16 ± 0.26ab	20.31 ± 0.95ab	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
72	1-Penten-3-one	C1629589	C5H8O	84.1	1010.5	371.507	1.08098	Pungent aroma	1	0.25 ± 0.04b	0.16 ± 0.01c	0.36 ± 0.01a	0.26 ± 0.001b	0.29 ± 0.01b	0.25	0.16	0.36	0.26	0.29
74	4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one	C141797	C6H10O	98.1	1133.6	542.207	1.45097	Sweet aroma	200	0.60 ± 0.31b	0.42 ± 0.06b	0.48 ± 0.02b	1.18 ± 0.01a	1.30 ± 0.04a	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.01
80	3-Octanone	C106683	C8H16O	128.2	1263.2	762.749	1.6993	Fruit aroma	1.3	0.14 ± 0.02b	0.09 ± 0.01b	0.19 ± 0.003b	0.14 ± 0.01b	0.68 ± 0.10a	0.11	0.07	0.15	0.11	0.52
Alcohols
8	Alpha-terpineol	C98555	C10H18O	154.3	1722.1	2058.324	1.22475	Camphor aroma (pungent aroma)	100000	10.87 ± 2.91b	3.95 ± 0.20c	15.78 ± 0.34a	10.62 ± 0.59b	9.49 ± 1.09b	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
11	Terpinen-4-ol	C562743	C10H18O	154.3	1638.1	1715.295	1.22228	Pepper aroma (pungent aroma)	11700	28.30 ± 5.46b	12.89 ± 0.09d	38.39 ± 0.54a	22.81 ± 0.15bc	20.34 ± 2.82c	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
16	(Z)-3-Hexenol	C928961	C6H12O	100.2	1433.9	1101.161	1.24216	Grassy aroma	—	2.45 ± 0.40b	1.34 ± 0.11d	3.53 ± 0.10a	1.73 ± 0.10cd	2.29 ± 0.38bc	—	—	—	—	—
18	Tetrahydro-linalool	C78693	C10H22O	158.3	1415.5	1058.07	1.26571	Flower aroma	—	12.68 ± 1.72b	8.49 ± 0.66c	22.13 ± 2.37a	12.85 ± 0.13b	13.45 ± 2.80b	—	—	—	—	—
22	4-Methyl-1-pentanol	C626891	C6H14O	102.2	1333.6	885.694	1.67519	Alcohol aroma	820	38.49 ± 6.90a	11.47 ± 1.57c	26.61 ± 2.75b	12.72 ± 0.65c	24.54 ± 8.42b	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.03
44	1-Butanol	C71363	C4H10O	74.1	1145.1	563.178	1.17838	Alcohol aroma	480	3.34 ± 0.68a	0.95 ± 0.09c	3.88 ± 0.08a	2.19 ± 0.02b	1.68 ± 0.23b	0.01	<0.01	0.01	<0.01	<0.01
51	2-Methyl-1-propanol (M)	C78831	C4H10O	74.1	1105.4	493.677	1.17411	Alcohol aroma	700	0.60 ± 0.12c	0.77 ± 0.05bc	0.31 ± 0.01d	1.15 ± 0.01a	0.88 ± 0.17b	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
73	2-Methyl-1-propanol (D)	C78831	C4H10O	74.1	1105.5	493.834	1.36747			0.17 ± 0.03c	0.35 ± 0.04b	0.08 ± 0.01c	1.17 ± 0.01a	1.09 ± 0.08a
62	Ethanol	C64175	C2H6O	46.1	938.7	312.811	1.1312	Alcohol aroma	620	21.60 ± 4.77a	6.79 ± 1.08b	6.65 ± 0.48b	9.28 ± 0.08b	8.13 ± 2.12b	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
81	Borneol	C507700	C10H18O	154.3	1683.4	1892.509	1.2256	Camphor aroma (pungent aroma)	52	10.81 ± 3.17b	4.25 ± 0.39c	16.80 ± 0.99a	11.93 ± 0.13b	9.13 ± 1.10b	0.21	0.08	0.32	0.23	0.18
82	Linalool	C78706	C10H18O	154.3	1586.3	1532.907	1.2256	Flower aroma, timber aroma	110	8.82 ± 2.02a	1.15 ± 0.12d	6.32 ± 1.14b	9.89 ± 0.30a	3.87 ± 0.56c	0.08	0.01	0.06	0.09	0.04
Esters
6	Diethyl succinate (M)	C123251	C8H14O4	174.2	1755.1	2211.125	1.29931	Grape aroma (fruit aroma)	790	6.29 ± 1.44a	0.46 ± 0.08c	1.96 ± 0.15bc	2.16 ± 0.09b	1.65 ± 0.06bc	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.03
7	Diethyl succinate (D)	C123251	C8H14O4	174.2	1712.9	2017.393	1.28948			6.96 ± 1.16b	6.05 ± 0.68b	17.95 ± 4.25a	21.39 ± 0.05a	20.26 ± 2.63a
14	Phenylethyl 2-methylpropanoate (M)	C103480	C12H16O2	192.3	1501.9	1276.199	1.40492	Rose aroma (grassy aroma)	—	81.92 ± 17.96ab	52.21 ± 2.39c	96.77 ± 3.22a	75.58 ± 7.02b	69.07 ± 0.46bc	—	—	—	—	—
15	Phenylethyl 2-methylpropanoate (D)	C103480	C12H16O2	192.3	1503.4	1280.551	1.98237			257.42 ± 54.98b	96.33 ± 13.64d	370.27 ± 3.79a	220.23 ± 1.19bc	197.08 ± 8.18c
28	Pentyl butanoate	C540181	C9H18O2	158.2	1271	775.106	1.963	Fruit aroma	6500	17.89 ± 2.75a	1.59 ± 0.75c	11.00 ± 0.42b	1.80 ± 0.03c	8.55 ± 3.87b	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
56	Ethyl butanoate (M)	C105544	C6H12O2	116.2	1051.3	419.382	1.21143	Fruit aroma	4	4.03 ± 0.81b	3.53 ± 0.18b	6.02 ± 0.39a	4.46 ± 0.01b	4.29 ± 0.03b	1.34	1.20	2.08	1.58	1.51
57	Ethyl butanoate (D)	C105544	C6H12O2	116.2	1050.9	418.773	1.58085			1.32 ± 0.27c	1.26 ± 0.06c	2.30 ± 0.14a	1.85 ± 0.03b	1.74 ± 0.12b
65	Ethyl acetate	C141786	C4H8O2	88.1	892.3	281.753	1.33084	Fruit aroma	4700	13.90 ± 3.03a	2.19 ± 0.31b	2.76 ± 0.08b	2.93 ± 0.50b	1.80 ± 0.04b	0.003	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
70	Propyl acetate (M)	C109604	C5H10O2	102.1	988.1	349.646	1.16577	Fruit aroma	600	0.45 ± 0.09d	1.09 ± 0.01b	1.71 ± 0.05a	1.73 ± 0.01a	0.60 ± 0.05c	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.01	<0.01
71	Propyl acetate (D)	C109604	C5H10O2	102.1	988.1	349.646	1.47795			0.30 ± 0.16c	1.16 ± 0.09b	1.05 ± 0.24b	4.83 ± 0.04a	0.41 ± 0.06c
83	Citronellyl formate	C105851	C11H20O2	184.3	1653.7	1774.13	1.35357	Sweet aroma, grassy aroma	—	2.21 ± 0.33d	2.33 ± 0.12cd	5.42 ± 0.62a	2.98 ± 0.06bc	3.44 ± 0.16b	—	—	—	—	—
Pyrazines
21	Trimethylpyrazine	C14667551	C7H10N2	122.2	1443.9	1125.333	1.16815	Nutty aroma	50	0.72 ± 0.13a	0.24 ± 0.01b	0.68 ± 0.04a	0.33 ± 0.001b	0.37 ± 0.03b	0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
85	3-Sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine	C24168705	C9H14N2O	166.2	1520	1327.421	1.25536	Grassy aroma	—	0.51 ± 0.13b	0.32 ± 0.08b	0.44 ± 0.09b	0.34 ± 0.05b	1.98 ± 0.14a	—	—	—	—	—
Aromatic hydrocarbon substance
79	p-Xylene	C106423	C8H10	106.2	1142.5	558.348	1.07188	Nutty aroma	2200	0.23 ± 0.04c	0.14 ± 0.01c	0.30 ± 0.002b	0.48 ± 0.01a	0.47 ± 0.06a	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Reference sample
99	2-Octanol	C123966	C8H18O	130.2	1442.3	1121.542	1.82334	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

M indicates volatile substance monomer, D indicates volatile substance dimer, T indicates volatile substance trimer; “—” indicates threshold values that cannot be queried and OAV values that cannot be calculated; count 86–98 are unknown compounds; 1,8-cineole and 1,4-cineole are the same as cineole, the threshold values are the same, and OAVs are combined. The same letter indicates that the difference is not significant and different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).