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Parameters | “Bili-bili” | “Cochette” |
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Producers | Percent | Percent |
Gender | Female (100%) | Female (100%) |
Origin of producers | Cameroon (69.2%); Chad (30.8%) | Chad (100%) |
Age of producers (years) | [20–30] (46.2%); [30–40] (53.8%) | [20–30] (83.3%); [30–40] (16.7%) |
Experience (years) | 2 (15.4%); 3 (30.8%); 4 (23.1%); 5 (7.7%); 6 (15.3%); 7 (0%); 8 (7.7%) | 1 (50%); 2 (30.3%); 3 (19.7%) |
Production sites | “Pont-vert” (28%); Domayo (27%); Palar (19%); Ouro-tchédé (14%); Pitaore (6%); Harde (6%) | “Pont-vert” (16.7%); Palar (50%); Pitoare (33.3%) |
Potential cereals used | Sorghum (red, white, and yellow varieties); maize | Rice (variety from Yagoua); sorghum |
Main cereals used | Yellow (80%) and red (20%) sorghum | Rice (100%) |
Supply period | All the year (53.8%); February-March (7.7%); February-March-October-November (15.4%); February-March-November (15.4%); February-October-November (7.7%) | All the year (100%) |
Seeds condition during processing | Malted (100%) | Not malted (83.3%), malted (16.7%) |
Production critical stages | Malting-cooking (38.4%); malting-cooking-fermentation (15.4%); cooking (15.4%); cooking-fermentation (15.4%); malting-fermentation (7.7%); fermentation (7.7%) | Fermentation (66.6%); cooking fermentation (16.7%); none (16.7%) |
Fermentation time (h) | 9 (15.4%); [9-10] (53.8%); 10 (23.1%); 11 (7.7%) | 8 (66.6%); [8-9] (16.7%); 9 (16.7%) |
Production time (days) | 6 (69.2%); 7 (23.1%); [6–8] (7.7%) | [4-5] (16.7%); 5 (93.3%) |
Producers’ incomes (%) | 50 (69.2%); 50–75 (7.7%); 75–100 (7.7%); depending on the market (15.4%) | 50 (83.3%); 50–100 (16.7%) |
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Consumers | Percent | Percent |
Consumption rate | 93.1% | 6.9% |
Factors that provide maturity of the product | Alcohol content and foam (30.8%); color, alcohol content, and bitterness (23.1%); bitterness and color (23.1%); bitterness (15.4%); color and the alcohol content (7.6%) | Alcohol content (66.6%); alcohol content and foam (16.7%); bitterness (16.7%) |
Health adverse effects after consumption of the beverage | Vomiting (33.3%); diarrhoea (33.3%); headaches (33.3%) | Diarrhoea (50%); headaches (50%) |
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