Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Fig Fruit Extract with Olive Oil and Date-Palm Fruit Extract on Hepatic Toxicity of Oral Subchronic Exposure to Some Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats

Table 1

The effects of fig with olive oil and date-palm fruit extract on the oxidative stress markers in the liver tissue of male rats treated with silicon oxide nanoparticles, aluminum oxide nanoparticles, or zinc oxide nanoparticles for 75 days.

Parameters	Experimental groups
	Control	FOD	SiO2NPs	FOD-SiO2NPs	Al2O3NPs	FOD-Al2O3NPs	ZnONPs	FOD-ZnONPs
Hepatic TAC (μmol/g tissue)	2.38 ± 0.03	2.33 ± 0.03	2.1 ± 0.03^a	2.28 ± 0.03^b	1.67 ± 0.08^a	1.97 ± 0.09^a,c	1.53 ± 0.08^a	1.80 ± 0.10^a,d
		−1.85%	−11.76%	−4.20%	−29.58%	−17.18%	−35.42%	−24.12%
Hepatic GSH (mmol/g tissue)	5.26 ± 0.04	5.28 ± 0.01	4.39 ± 0.06^a	5.06 ± 0.12^b	3.29 ± 0.12^a	3.77 ± 0.16^a,c	3.21 ± 0.09^a	3.59 ± 0.14^a,d
		0.40%	−16.49%	−3.84%	−37.36%	−28.35%	−39.01%	−31.64%
Hepatic GR activity (U/g tissue)	70.5 ± 0.66	71.5 ± 1.06	63.2 ± 1.83^a	67.9 ± 0.75^b	42.4 ± 1.90^a	56.3 ± 2.20^a,c	40.0 ± 1.91^a	54.1 ± 2.11^a,d
		1.35%	−10.43%	−3.64%	−39.89%	−20.12%	−43.26%	−23.31%
Hepatic GPx activity (U/g tissue)	155 ± 2.09	155 ± 2.46	131 ± 3.53^a	150 ± 2.30^b	68.1 ± 3.55^a	135 ± 5.74^a,c	62.9 ± 2.12a	131 ± 4.34^a,d
		0.13%	−15.69%	−3.57%	−56.18%	−12.86%	−59.54%	−15.49%
Hepatic GST activity (U/g tissue)	4.16 ± 0.07	4.20 ± 0.09	3.5 ± 0.13^a	4.02 ± 0.05^b	2.39 ± 0.07^a	3.70 ± 0.11^a,c	2.29 ± 0.05^a	3.68 ± 0.12^a,d
		0.89%	−16.05%	−3.50%	−42.58%	−11.20%	−45.00%	−11.51%
Hepatic CAT activity (U/g tissue)	0.88 ± 0.00	0.90 ± 0.01	0.77 ± 0.02^a	0.85 ± 0.01^b	0.67 ± 0.02^a	0.75 ± 0.02^a,c	0.64 ± 0.04^a	0.73 ± 0.01^a,d
		2.38%	−11.88%	−3.69%	−23.30%	−15.02%	−26.80%	−16.97%
Hepatic SOD activity (U/g tissue)	172 ± 2.62	173 ± 3.10	155 ± 5.73^a	167 ± 1.34^b	134 ± 1.68^a	158 ± 7.32^a,c	131 ± 2.81^a	149 ± 8.69^a,d
		0.58%	−10.09%	−3.36%	−22.28%	−8.05%	−24.07%	−13.45%
Hepatic NO conc. (µmol/g tissue)	3.33 ± 0.18	3.14 ± 0.14	4.21 ± 0.21^a	3.39 ± 0.14^b	4.93 ± 0.14^a	3.88 ± 0.19^a,c	5.26 ± 0.11^a	3.74 ± 0.20^a,d
		−5.61%	26.39%	1.98%	48.27%	16.51%	57.97%	12.43%
Hepatic TBARS conc. (nmol/g tissue)	32.5 ± 0.40	31.7 ± 1.13	38.8 ± 1.30^a	33.9 ± 0.75^b	49.6 ± 2.43^a	41.1 ± 1.61^a,c	51.4 ± 1.97^a	45.1 ± 1.96^a,d
		−2.55%	19.24%	4.25%	52.70%	26.53%	58.26%	38.71%

Note. Results are the mean ± standard error; %, percent of change from the control value; FOD, fig with olive oil and date-palm fruit extracts; SiO₂NPs, silicon oxide nanoparticles; Al₂O₃NPs, aluminum oxide nanoparticles; ZnONPs, zinc oxide nanoparticles; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; GSH, reduced glutathione; GR, glutathione reductase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; NO; nitric oxide; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. For each parameter: ^a, versus the control group; ^b, versus SiO₂NPs; ^c, versus Al₂O₃NPs; ^d, versus ZnONPs. The antioxidants (FOD) were used for two weeks before and during the administration of the nanoparticles (75 days).