Therapeutic Efficacy of Flavonoids in Allergies: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Table 2
GRADE evidence profile: flavonoids for individuals with allergic diseases.
Quality assessment
No. of studies (design)
Limitations
Inconsistency
Indirectness
Imprecision
Publication bias
No. of patients
Quality (GRADE)
Flavonoids
Placebo
Allergic rhinitis symptoms
10 RCT
Serious limitationsa
No serious inconsistency
No serious indirectness
Serious imprecisionb
Undetected
214
202
⨁⨁◯◯ Low
Asthma symptoms
3 RCT
No serious limitations
Serious inconsistencyc
No serious indirectness
No serious imprecision
Undetected
243
240
⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
Lung function
3 RCT
No serious limitations
Serious inconsistencyc
No serious indirectness
No serious imprecision
Undetected
243
240
⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
Skin symptoms (atopic dermatitis)
2 RCT
Serious limitationsd
Serious inconsistencyc
No serious indirectness
No serious imprecision
Undetected
44
37
⨁⨁◯◯ Low
Quality of life
4 RCT
No serious limitations
Serious inconsistencyc
No serious indirectness
No serious imprecision
Undetected
232
231
⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
Serious adverse events
No studies reported this outcome.
Abbreviations: GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation; RCT: randomized controlled trials. aThree trials have some concerns for risk of bias, and one study is judged to be at high risk of bias in one domain for this result. bDifferent populations evaluated, follow-up time, and inconsistency in results. cImportant inconsistency (heterogeneity) in the results. dOne study is judged to be at some concerns for risk of bias.
