Practical Approach to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Bioprosthetic Valve Fracture in a Failed Bioprosthetic Surgical Valve

Table 1

Design, characteristics, and challenges of commonly used surgical aortic valves.

	Leaflets mounted	Fracture potential [11]	Challenges
Stented valves			(i) Higher postprocedural gradients; (ii) Coronary obstruction (externally mounted leaflets)
Sorin Mitroflow	Externally	Yes (19–21 mm)
St. Jude Trifecta	Externally	No
St. Jude Biocor Epic	Internally	Yes (21 mm)
Medtronic Mosaic	Internally	Yes (19–21 mm)
Medtronic Hancock II	Internally	No
Edwards Magna Ease	Internally	Yes (19–21 mm)
Edwards Magna	Internally	Yes (19–21 mm)
Edwards Perimount 2700	Internally	No, but expandable
Edwards Perimount 2800	Internally	Yes
Labcor Porcine	Internally	Yes
Stentless valves			(i) Lack of fluoroscopic markers; (ii) Device malposition; (iii) Coronary obstruction; (iv) Paravalvular leak
Sorin Freedom
St. Jude Toronto
Medtronic Freestyle	Extended full porcine root
Edwards Prima Plus	Extended full porcine root
Sutureless
Sorin Perceval	Internally
Edwards Intuity	Internally
Medtronic Enable	Internally