Enhanced Hydrophilicity and Protein Adsorption of Titanium Surface by Sodium Bicarbonate Solution

Figure 1

Image of a 10 μL distilled water drop on (a) untreated, (b) NaHCO₃-treated (3 min), and (c) rinsed SLA discs. Untreated SLA disc (a) was hydrophobic, while NaHCO₃-treated SLA disc (b) was superhydrophilic as the observed WCA was close to 0. Rinsed SLA disc (c) maintained superhydrophilicity.

(a)

(b)

(c)