Core-shell-structured CdSe/<svg     style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt;width:31.575001px;" id="M2" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 31.575001 15.5125" width="31.575001"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x53"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x69"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.574,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.275,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x78"/></g>

		
	
</svg> nanowires were synthesized on an equilateral triangle Si (111) substrate through a simple one-step thermal evaporation process. SEM, TEM, and XRD investigations confirmed the core-shell structure; that is, the core zone is single crystalline CdSe and the shell zone is <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt;width:31.575001px;" id="M3" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 31.575001 15.5125" width="31.575001"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x53"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x69"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.574,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.275,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x78"/></g>

		
	
</svg> amorphous layer and CdSe core was grown along (001) direction. Two-stage growth process was present to explain the growth mechanism of the core/shell nanwires. The silicon substrate of designed equilateral triangle providing the silicon source is the key factor to form the core-shell nanowires, which is significant for fabrication of nanowire-core sheathed with a silica system. The PL of the product studied at room temperature showed two emission bands around 715 and 560&#x2009;nm, which originate from the band-band transition of CdSe cores and the amorphous <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt;width:31.575001px;" id="M4" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 31.575001 15.5125" width="31.575001"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x53"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x69"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.574,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.275,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x78"/></g>

		
	
</svg> shells, respectively.

Guozhang Dai

Shengyi Yang

Min Yan

Qiang Wan

Qinglin Zhang

Anlian Pan

Bingsuo Zou

Simple Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Core/Shell CdSe/<svg style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 31.575001 15.5125" width="31.575001" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"> <path id="x53" d="M409 504l-29 -5q-16 60 -44.5 96t-86.5 36q-54 0 -82.5 -32t-28.5 -77q0 -51 30.5 -82.5t96.5 -65.5l35.5 -18t33 -19.5t33.5 -23.5l27 -25.5t24.5 -32t13.5 -36.5t6 -45q0 -80 -62 -134.5t-160 -54.5q-47 0 -98 15q-22 7 -50 21q-8 23 -27 155l30 7q7 -27 18 -52 t30 -51.5t49 -42.5t67 -16q56 0 88 32.5t32 87.5q0 51 -31.5 82t-98.5 67q-80 44 -110 73q-55 53 -55 124q0 75 56 126.5t150 51.5q53 0 126 -23z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><path id="x69" d="M135 536q-20 0 -35 15.5t-15 35.5q0 22 15 37t36 15t35.5 -15t14.5 -37q0 -21 -15 -36t-36 -15zM252 0h-220v26q48 5 59 17t11 63v206q0 47 -9 58t-54 18v24q78 12 142 39v-345q0 -51 11.5 -63t59.5 -17v-26z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.574,11.363)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.275,15.45)"><path id="x78" d="M474 0h-214v26q32 4 39 12t-5 28l-74 117q-39 -58 -64 -106q-16 -25 -10 -35t44 -16v-26h-186v26q46 6 64 17t48 49t85 120l-87 136q-23 36 -40 47t-58 16v26h199v-26q-31 -4 -36.5 -12.5t9.5 -29.5l59 -93q37 56 58 94q13 23 7 30t-40 11v26h183v-26q-47 -5 -65 -13.5 t-45 -39.5q-24 -29 -78 -110l97 -148q28 -43 46.5 -55.5t63.5 -18.5v-26z"></path></g> </svg> Nanowires

Initial experiments using differentially functionalized fullerenes, CD-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>, hexa-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>, and tris-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>, suggested a properties dependent effect on cytotoxic and proliferative responses in human skin keratinocytes. In the present study we investigated the cytokine secretion profile of dermal epithelial cells exposed to functionalized fullerenes. Keratinocyte-derived cytokines affect homing and trafficking of normal and malignant epidermal immune as well as nonimmune cells in vivo. These cytokines are critical for regulating activation, proliferation, and differentiation of epidermal cells. Our results indicate that tris-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> (size range &#60;100&#x2009;nm) significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine release in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast CD-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> demonstrated a relatively pro-inflammatory cytokine response, while hexa-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> did not significantly perturb cytokine responses. Physical and chemical characterizations of these engineered nanomaterials suggest that the disparate biological responses observed may potentially be a function of the aggregation properties of these fullerenes.

Jun Gao

Hsing-Lin Wang

Rashi Iyer

Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Functionalized Fullerene-Exposed Dermal Keratinocytes

Chitosan-silica (CSSi) hybrid films have been fabricated by sol-gel process using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursor. The structure of the resulting hybrid has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Fracture surface has been revealed through a field emission-scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer (FE-SEM/EDS) to probe the dispersion degree and the size of <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt;width:31.6625px;" id="M2" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 31.6625 15.5125" width="31.6625"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x53"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x69"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.574,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.275,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg> particle. Study of morphology using a SEM micrograph and the High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) images of the nanocomposite films suggests that the <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt;width:31.6625px;" id="M3" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 31.6625 15.5125" width="31.6625"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x53"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x69"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.574,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.275,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg> nanoparticles are within the range of 2&#x2013;7&#x2009;nm in diameter and are uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. Thermal properties of these composite materials have been studied as a function of silica, indicating that thermal stability of the chitosan film is enhanced. Dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) has been carried out to measure the shift in the glass transition temperature (<svg     style="vertical-align:-5.76988pt;width:18.8375px;" id="M4" height="18.799999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 18.8375 18.799999" width="18.8375"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg>) of the composites from the maxima of the <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:9.7749996px;" id="M5" height="7.9499998" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 9.7749996 7.9499998" width="9.7749996"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> transition curves. The glass transition temperature and the storage modulus show an increase with increasing silica content. The maximum increase in the <svg     style="vertical-align:-5.76988pt;width:18.8375px;" id="M6" height="18.799999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 18.8375 18.799999" width="18.8375"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> value, that is, <svg     style="vertical-align:-1.59703pt;width:65.012497px;" id="M7" height="14.925" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 65.012497 14.925" width="65.012497"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,12.875)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8&#xA;l-26 -65h-233z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16.381,12.875)"><path id="x39" d="M244 635q90 0 143 -72t53 -177q0 -133 -65 -229.5t-171 -139.5q-79 -32 -140 -32l-5 30q109 18 185 91t101 186l-68 -36q-29 -16 -60 -16q-79 0 -129 51.5t-50 130.5q0 80 57 146.5t149 66.5zM228 602q-52 0 -78 -45.5t-26 -98.5q0 -69 36.5 -115.5t97.5 -46.5&#xA;q53 0 90 28q4 31 4 66q0 51 -9.5 95.5t-39 80.5t-75.5 36z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,24.541,12.875)"><path id="x2E" d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.416,12.875)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5&#xA;q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.576,12.875)"><path id="x37" d="M447 623l8 -12l-283 -613l-74 -10l-7 11q174 283 297 551h-216q-48 0 -62.5 -12t-33.5 -63h-29q10 60 18 148h382z" /></g>

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			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,49.775,12.875)"><path id="x43" d="M614 175l29 -10q-33 -109 -57 -154q-121 -26 -184 -26q-90 0 -160.5 29t-112.5 77t-63.5 105.5t-21.5 119.5q0 157 108 253t277 96q36 0 71.5 -5t69 -13.5t36.5 -8.5q15 -102 20 -150l-29 -8q-20 79 -66.5 114t-128.5 35q-119 0 -187.5 -86t-68.5 -207&#xA;q0 -140 73.5 -227.5t188.5 -87.5q73 0 119.5 37.5t86.5 116.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,61.079,12.875)"><path id="x2C" d="M95 130q31 0 61 -30t30 -78q0 -53 -38 -87.5t-93 -51.5l-11 29q77 31 77 85q0 26 -17.5 43t-44.5 24q-4 0 -8.5 6.5t-4.5 17.5q0 18 15 30t34 12z" /></g>

		
	
</svg> is seen with 30 wt&#x25; silica. A gradual increase of 3.0&#x2009;GPa in the modulus relative to the pure polymer is observed.

F. Al-Sagheer

S. Muslim

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Chitosan/<svg style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 31.6625 15.5125" width="31.6625" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><path id="x53" d="M409 504l-29 -5q-16 60 -44.5 96t-86.5 36q-54 0 -82.5 -32t-28.5 -77q0 -51 30.5 -82.5t96.5 -65.5l35.5 -18t33 -19.5t33.5 -23.5l27 -25.5t24.5 -32t13.5 -36.5t6 -45q0 -80 -62 -134.5t-160 -54.5q-47 0 -98 15q-22 7 -50 21q-8 23 -27 155l30 7q7 -27 18 -52&#xA;t30 -51.5t49 -42.5t67 -16q56 0 88 32.5t32 87.5q0 51 -31.5 82t-98.5 67q-80 44 -110 73q-55 53 -55 124q0 75 56 126.5t150 51.5q53 0 126 -23z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.018,11.363)"><path id="x69" d="M135 536q-20 0 -35 15.5t-15 35.5q0 22 15 37t36 15t35.5 -15t14.5 -37q0 -21 -15 -36t-36 -15zM252 0h-220v26q48 5 59 17t11 63v206q0 47 -9 58t-54 18v24q78 12 142 39v-345q0 -51 11.5 -63t59.5 -17v-26z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.574,11.363)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,25.275,15.45)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g></svg> Hybrid Composites

We demonstrate two approaches to prepare mesoporous metal oxide nanowires by surfactant assembly and nanoconfinement via sol-gel or electrochemical deposition. For example, mesoporous <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:41.875px;" id="M1" height="15.825" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 41.875 15.825" width="41.875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.538)"><path id="x54" d="M592 498l-30 -3q-13 63 -31 89q-13 19 -33.5 25.5t-75.5 6.5h-70v-493q0 -60 16 -75.5t86 -19.5v-28h-286v28q68 4 83.5 19.5t15.5 75.5v493h-62q-60 0 -83 -7t-33 -24q-12 -17 -32 -90h-29q10 116 12 180h20q10 -16 21 -20.5t34 -4.5h395q19 0 28.5 5t21.5 20h21&#xA;q2 -89 11 -177z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.987,11.538)"><path id="x61" d="M433 39l-85 -51q-27 0 -47 20q-16 16 -24 44q-5 -3 -24 -16.5t-27 -18.5t-23 -13.5t-25 -12t-19 -3.5q-52 0 -86 36.5t-34 85.5q0 71 81 99q128 43 155 65v17q0 54 -23 83.5t-62 29.5q-28 0 -45 -19t-29 -66q-7 -23 -29 -23q-15 0 -29 13t-14 30t31 40q25 19 68.5 40.5&#xA;t81.5 29.5q49 0 82 -27q45 -39 45 -123v-185q0 -60 35 -60q18 0 36 11zM275 84v156q-12 -6 -49 -23t-41 -19q-31 -14 -46 -31t-15 -43q0 -35 22.5 -55.5t48.5 -20.5q19 0 42 10.5t38 25.5z" /></g>

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			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.787,11.538)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,35.488,15.613)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8&#xA;l-26 -65h-233z" /></g>

		
	
</svg> and zeolite nanowires are prepared by block copolymer Pluronic 123-templated sol-gel method, and mesoporous ZnO nanowires are prepared by electrodeposition in presence of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant, in porous membranes. The morphologies of porous nanowires are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses.

Hongmei Luo

Qianglu Lin

Stacy Baber

Mahesh Naalla

Surfactant-Templated Mesoporous Metal Oxide Nanowires

We study the field emission characteristics of large-area films of crystalline <svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:42.525002px;" id="M1" height="15.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 42.525002 15.65" width="42.525002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><path id="x4D" d="M861 0h-263v28q61 5 73 22t12 97l-4 408h-4l-244 -548h-20l-224 534h-2l-15 -285q-5 -98 -3 -166q1 -34 19.5 -45t72.5 -17v-28h-233v28q45 5 62.5 17t22.5 43q11 65 19 183l14 208q3 36 3.5 55t-2.5 37.5t-6.5 25t-16.5 13t-25.5 8t-39.5 4.5v28h164l228 -501l232 501&#xA;h170v-28q-68 -6 -81 -21.5t-11 -91.5l9 -362q2 -80 15 -97t78 -22v-28z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.766,11.362)"><path id="x6F" d="M257 449q92 0 154 -65t62 -158q0 -112 -67 -175t-150 -63q-98 0 -158.5 66.5t-60.5 154.5q0 59 21 106.5t54.5 75.5t71 43t73.5 15zM244 416q-48 0 -81 -47t-33 -128q0 -96 38 -158t99 -62q51 0 82 43.5t31 139.5q0 91 -36 151.5t-100 60.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.436,11.362)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,36.137,15.45)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5&#xA;q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g></svg> microbelt grown on silicon substrate by thermal evaporation in air using a commercial infrared sintering furnace. It is found that their turn-on field, threshold field, resistance to microdischarge and field emission current stability are better than <svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:42.525002px;" id="M2" height="15.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 42.525002 15.65" width="42.525002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.766,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x6F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.436,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x4F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,36.137,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x33" /></g></svg> nanowires, <svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:42.525002px;" id="M3" height="15.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 42.525002 15.65" width="42.525002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.766,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x6F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.436,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x4F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,36.137,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x33" /></g></svg> nanobelts and <svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:42.525002px;" id="M4" height="15.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 42.525002 15.65" width="42.525002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.766,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x6F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.436,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x4F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,36.137,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x33" /></g></svg> nanoflower. In addition, good uniform distribution of field emission sites can be observed. The physical reasons are explained responsible for such improvements on field emission characteristics of <svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:42.525002px;" id="M5" height="15.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 42.525002 15.65" width="42.525002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.766,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x6F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.436,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x4F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,36.137,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x33" /></g></svg> material. These results indicate that large-area <svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:42.525002px;" id="M6" height="15.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 42.525002 15.65" width="42.525002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x4D" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.766,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x6F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.436,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x4F" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,36.137,15.45)"><use xlink:href="#x33" /></g></svg> microbelts may be suitable for cold-cathode electron source application.

Dongmei Ban

Shaozhi Deng

Ningsheng Xu

Jun Chen

Juncong She

Fei Liu

Improved Field Emission Characteristics of Large-Area Films of Molybdenum Trioxide Microbelt

We study the protein viability on Au nanoparticles during an electrospray and electrostatic-force-directed assembly process, through which Au nanoparticle-antibody conjugates are assembled onto the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to fabricate carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) biosensors. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and field-effect transistor (FET) measurements have been used to investigate the antibody activity after the nanoparticle assembly. Upon the introduction of matching antigens, the colored reaction from the ELISA and the change in the electrical characteristic of the CNTFET device confirm that the antibody activity is preserved during the assembly process.

Shun Mao

Ganhua Lu

Kehan Yu

Junhong Chen

Protein Viability on Au Nanoparticles during an Electrospray and Electrostatic-Force-Directed Assembly Process

A conductive nanofiller, expanded graphite (EG), was introduced into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) by direct melt blending process. The electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of resulting PVDF/EG composites were investigated in a wide range of frequencies from <svg style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:22.775px;" id="M1" height="16.049999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 22.775 16.049999" width="22.775" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,15.775)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,15.775)"><path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105&#xA;q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.375,7.613)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g></svg> to <svg style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:22.775px;" id="M2" height="16.049999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 22.775 16.049999" width="22.775" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,15.775)"><use xlink:href="#x31" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,15.775)"><use xlink:href="#x30" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.375,7.613)"><path id="x38" d="M249 635q70 0 116 -43t46 -105q0 -46 -28 -80q-22 -25 -80 -64q62 -35 97 -75t35 -99q0 -81 -63 -131t-135 -50q-83 0 -137.5 45.5t-54.5 123.5q0 52 45 95q29 28 89 64q-109 62 -109 155q0 66 50.5 115t128.5 49zM238 603q-42 0 -67.5 -31t-25.5 -72q0 -50 32.5 -79.5&#xA;t98.5 -62.5q61 48 61 124q0 59 -29.5 90t-69.5 31zM248 20q46 0 76.5 33.5t30.5 89.5q0 50 -39 85.5t-110 71.5q-81 -54 -81 -137q0 -67 35.5 -105t87.5 -38z" /></g></svg> Hz. The dielectric dispersion and conductivity of the composite system exhibited a strong frequency dependence particularly in the vicinity of percolation threshold (<svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:45.974998px;" id="M3" height="15.5375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 45.974998 15.5375" width="45.974998" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.25)"><path id="x3A6" d="M488 658v-28q-47 -3 -58.5 -12t-11.5 -39q49 -2 97 -15t93.5 -39.5t73.5 -75t28 -112.5q0 -53 -19.5 -96.5t-50 -71t-70 -47t-77.5 -27.5t-75 -9q0 -36 11.5 -45.5t58.5 -12.5v-28h-223v28q47 3 58.5 12.5t11.5 45.5q-47 1 -94.5 14t-93 39.5t-74.5 76t-29 114.5&#xA;q0 51 19 93.5t49 70t69.5 47t77.5 28t76 10.5q0 30 -11 39t-54 12v28h218zM335 118v429q-34 -2 -67 -13.5t-63.5 -35t-49.5 -65.5t-19 -96q0 -56 18.5 -99t49 -67.5t63.5 -37.5t68 -15zM418 547v-429q35 2 67.5 14t63.5 35.5t50 66.5t19 99t-19 99t-50 66.5t-64 35t-67 13.5&#xA;z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.875,15.325)"><path id="x1D450" d="M383 397q0 -32 -35 -49q-12 -6 -23 8q-37 45 -84 45t-90 -71q-40 -65 -40 -167q0 -57 22 -86t59 -29q38 0 81.5 24.5t69.5 51.5l16 -21q-44 -53 -104 -84t-109 -31q-56 0 -89.5 41t-33.5 117q0 61 30 124t79 105q33 28 81 50.5t86 22.5q34 0 59 -15.5t25 -35.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.05,11.25)"><path id="x3D" d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,37.754,11.25)"><path id="x36" d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5&#xA;t96 -62.5q53 0 78 45.5t25 105.5q0 68 -35 116t-99 48z" /></g></svg> vol%). Moreover, the dielectric permittivity tended to decrease with increasing frequency while the conductivity displayed a reverse trend. A large permittivity was found in the composite having EG content near <svg style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:18.4px;" id="M4" height="15.5375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 18.4 15.5375" width="18.4" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.25)"><use xlink:href="#x3A6" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.875,15.325)"><use xlink:href="#x1D450" /></g></svg>. Accordingly, percolation concept and biased random walk approach can be used to describe the carrier transport of percolating PVDF/EG system. The conductivity and permittivity of percolating PVDF/EG composites were observed to be temperature dependent.

Yu Chao Li

Robert Kwok Yiu Li

Sie Chin Tjong

Frequency and Temperature Dependences of Dielectric Dispersion and Electrical Properties of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Expanded Graphite Composites

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of water soluble chitosan as a carrier in the preparation of protein-loaded nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was applied as a model drug. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were investigated as a function of the preparation conditions. The particles were spherical in shape and had a smooth surface. The size range of the nanoparticles was between 100 and 400&#x2009;nm. Result of the in vitro studies showed that the WSC nanoparticles enhance and prolong the intestinal absorption of BSA. These results also indicated that WSC nanoparticles were a potential protein delivery system.

Hong-liang Zhang

Si-hui Wu

Yi Tao

Lin-quan Zang

Zheng-quan Su

Preparation and Characterization of Water-Soluble Chitosan Nanoparticles as Protein Delivery System

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<p><em>Journal of Nanomaterials</em> publishes research on nanoscale and nanostructured materials with an emphasis on synthesis, processing, characterization, and the applications of nanomaterials.</p>


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<p>Chief Editor Stefano Bellucci is Professor of Theoretical Physics at the National Institute for Nuclear Physics in Frascati, Italy. His research interests include&nbsp;nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanocarbon-based composites, and the biomedical applications of nanomaterials.</p>


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Journal of Nanomaterials - Table of contents 2010

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Journal of Nanomaterials publishes research on nanoscale and nanostructured materials with an emphasis on synthesis, processing, characterization, and the applications of nanomaterials.

Journal of Nanomaterials