The development of effective and eco-friendly methods for the plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is a critical stage in the field of nanotechnology. The two approaches applied for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles are top-down and bottom-up. These nanoparticles are synthesized by using chemical, biological, and physical methods. Chemical and physical methods use toxic chemicals, adverse conditions, and sophisticated instruments for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Compared with chemical and physical methods, biological methods are cost-effective, eco-friendly, and avoid the use of toxic chemicals.

Plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis can be completed by the route of intracellular, extracellular, and phytochemical mediated synthesis. Plant-mediated synthesis is employed due to its following advantages such as the use of aqueous solvents, the ready availability of plant material, and the biocompatibility of extracts obtained from plant species. Therefore, there is a better opportunity for the green synthesis of nanomaterials using plants. Extracts of plant secondary metabolites are the main component for the green synthesis of nanomaterials with a wide range of applications in medicine and environmental science. Traditional medicines (e.g., Indian Ayurvedic or AYUSH system-based medicines) include various micronized drugs prepared by traditional grinding or herbal/mineral/metal-based nanocompounds, which are prepared by unique pharmaceutical methods such as trituration, wet-grinding, incineration, etc. The benefits of these traditional nanomedicines are indubitable and hold strong relevance in the emerging era of nanodrugs.

This Special Issue aims to bring together new trends and studies in phyto-mediated nanomaterials and traditional nanomedicines. This Issue welcomes recent advancements in plant synthesis (especially green/biosynthesis), characterization of nanomaterials, and their biomedical and environmental applications, especially and to provide insights into exciting research frontiers. Work that provides insights on pharmaceutical development, safety, or bioactivity of traditional micronized or nanosized medicines is also invited. Original research and review articles are welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Plant-derived metal nanoparticles and their synthesis, characterization, efficacy, application
• Plant-derived metal oxide nanoparticles and their environmental applications
• Plant-derived metal nanoparticles and their biomedical applications
• Plant-derived metal nanoparticles and their environmental applications
• Phyto-derived nanomaterials for antibacterial, antifungal