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Country | Name/year/reference number | Weight | Axis of rotation | Type of mechanism | Movable ranges | Attaching method | Material |
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Netherlands | The Heel Foot (2003) [8] | 0.5 kg | Mediolateral axis MTP joint axis | Spring based | (−) 20° : 20° | Knee ankle coupling | Toe-carbon fiber, forefoot, heel—aluminum |
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Netherlands | fully passive transfemoral prosthesis (2011) [9] | 1.05 kg | Mediolateral axis at MTP joint | Spring based and linkages | 0 : 30° (toe) | Prosthesis ankle joint | Carbon fiber |
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United States of America (USA) | Prosthetic ankle-foot system (2014) [10] | 1.04 kg | Mediolateral axis | Linkages and camshafts | 87° : 105° | Pyramid adapter | Nylon 6/6, polyurethane rubber, maraging steel |
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Japan | Bipedal walking robot with oblique midfoot joint in foot (2015) [11] | N/A | Oblique axis at MTP joint | Truss and windlass mechanism | N/A | Nut and bolt | N/A |
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Italy | SoftFoot (2016) [12] | N/A | Parallel to mediolateral axis | Series of rolling joints | vary with the surface | Coupling | Rapid prototyping material |
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United States of America (USA) | Hindfoot and forefoot stiff foot prostheses (2017) [13] | N/A | Mediolateral axis | Flexible composite forefoot keel and hindfoot of varying stiffness | sagittal declination angle 15° | Pyramid adapter | Aluminum 7075-T6 |
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United States of America (USA) | One-piece mechanically differentiated prosthetic foot (1997) [14] | N/A | Mediolateral axis | Flex due to polymeric material | N/A | Flange type nut and bolt connector | Light weight polymeric material |
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United States of America (USA) | Instrumented prosthetic foot (2012) [15] | N/A | Mediolateral axis | Flex due to polymeric material | N/A | Pyramid adapter | Durometer polyurethane |
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United States of America (USA) | Ankle-foot prosthesis of automatic adaptation (2014) [16] | N/A | Mediolateral axis | Spring and link based mechanism | (−) 45° : 80° | Pyramid adapter | Elastomeric Materials |
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