Analysis on the Impact Factors for the Pulling Force of the McKibben Pneumatic Artificial Muscle by a FEM Model

Figure 5

Stress distributions of PAM under the pressures of 0.2 MPa, 0.3 MPa, and 0.4 MPa at the contraction of 10%. (a) 0.2 MPa, (b) 0.3 MPa, (c) 0.4 MPa.

(a)

(b)

(c)