The Flight Mechanism of a Bird-like Flapping Wing Robot at a Low Reynolds Number

Figure 9

Pressure iso-surfaces of the flapping wing robot. (a), (b), (c) and (d):static pressure  = −4, −1, 1, and 4 (Pa) in the steady static; (e), (f), (g) and (h): static pressure  = 0, 1200, 1850 and 2000 (Pa) when the wing flaps upwards; (i), (j), (k) and (l): static pressure  = 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 (Pa) when the wing flaps downwards.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(l)