Journal of Sensors

Research Article

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Frequency Ratio Technique with Iterative Random Sampling

Table 3

Frequency ratio (FR) values by iterations of training data (TD) (bold FR values mean 1 > of FR value).


Factor	Class	Number of pixels	% of class	1st TD			2nd TD			3rd TD			4th TD			5th TD
Factor	Class	Number of pixels	% of class	Number of landslides	% of landslide	FR	Number of landslides	% of landslide	FR	Number of landslides	% of landslide	FR	Number of landslides	% of landslide	FR	Number of landslides	% of landslide	FR

Gradient	0–4.52	587838	30.64	1	2.44	0.08	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.08	1	2.44	0.08
	4.53–7.26	193369	10.08	2	4.88	0.48	2	4.88	0.48	2	4.88	0.48	1	2.44	0.24	2	4.88	0.48
	7.27–11.30	184261	9.60	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.25	2	4.88	0.51	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.25
	11.31–15.79	199096	10.38	3	7.32	0.71	2	4.88	0.47	2	4.88	0.47	3	7.32	0.71	2	4.88	0.47
	15.80–18.44	185248	9.66	1	2.44	0.25	3	7.32	0.76	3	7.32	0.76	1	2.44	0.25	2	4.88	0.51
	18.45–21.80	196464	10.24	7	17.07	1.67	7	17.07	1.67	8	19.51	1.91	6	14.63	1.43	7	17.07	1.67
	21.81–26.33	182212	9.50	11	26.83	2.82	8	19.51	2.05	7	17.07	1.80	9	21.95	2.31	9	21.95	2.31
	26.34–62.53	189912	9.90	16	39.02	3.94	18	43.90	4.43	17	41.46	4.19	20	48.78	4.93	17	41.46	4.19

Plan curvature	Concave	440473	22.96	24	58.54	2.55	22	53.66	2.34	20	48.78	2.12	23	56.10	2.44	23	56.10	2.44
	Flat	1022631	53.31	5	12.20	0.23	5	12.20	0.23	11	26.83	0.50	6	14.63	0.27	10	24.39	0.46
	Convex	455296	23.73	12	29.27	1.23	14	34.15	1.44	10	24.39	1.03	12	29.27	1.23	8	19.51	0.82

Aspect	Flat	470201	24.51	0	0	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	N	200803	10.47	2	4.88	0.47	3	7.32	0.70	4	9.76	0.93	3	7.32	0.70	2	4.88	0.47
	NE	171081	8.92	5	12.20	1.37	3	7.32	0.82	4	9.76	1.09	5	12.20	1.37	4	9.76	1.09
	E	145731	7.60	7	17.07	2.25	6	14.63	1.93	9	21.95	2.89	5	12.20	1.61	5	12.20	1.61
	SE	160910	8.39	14	34.15	4.07	14	34.15	4.07	10	24.39	2.91	14	34.15	4.07	16	39.02	4.65
	S	178679	9.31	4	9.76	1.05	2	4.88	0.52	3	7.32	0.79	4	9.76	1.05	4	9.76	1.05
	SW	184698	9.63	2	4.88	0.51	1	2.44	0.25	3	7.32	0.76	2	4.88	0.51	1	2.44	0.25
	W	176440	9.20	2	4.88	0.53	6	14.63	1.59	3	7.32	0.80	3	7.32	0.80	3	7.32	0.80
	NW	229857	11.98	5	12.20	1.02	6	14.63	1.22	5	12.20	1.02	5	12.20	1.02	6	14.63	1.22

Midslope position (MSP)	0–0.13	192836	10.05	6	14.63	1.46	5	12.20	1.21	7	17.07	1.70	4	9.76	0.97	6	14.63	1.46
	0.14–0.25	192834	10.05	9	21.95	2.18	8	19.51	1.94	8	19.51	1.94	10	24.39	2.43	10	24.39	2.43
	0.26–0.35	192894	10.05	7	17.07	1.70	7	17.07	1.70	6	14.63	1.46	9	21.95	2.18	6	14.63	1.46
	0.36–0.47	192316	10.02	4	9.76	0.97	4	9.76	0.97	5	12.20	1.22	5	12.20	1.22	3	7.32	0.73
	0.48–0.57	197554	10.30	4	9.76	0.95	4	9.76	0.95	3	7.32	0.71	2	4.88	0.47	3	7.32	0.71
	0.58–0.67	190370	9.92	3	7.32	0.74	4	9.76	0.98	3	7.32	0.74	3	7.32	0.74	3	7.32	0.74
	0.68–0.77	191273	9.97	3	7.32	0.73	4	9.76	0.98	3	7.32	0.73	5	12.20	1.22	4	9.76	0.98
	0.78–0.83	189560	9.88	3	7.32	0.74	3	7.32	0.74	5	12.20	1.23	1	2.44	0.25	5	12.20	1.23
	0.84–0.90	219546	11.44	1	2.44	0.21	1	2.44	0.21	1	2.44	0.21	1	2.44	0.21	1	2.44	0.21
	0.91–1.00	159217	8.30	1	2.44	0.29	1	2.44	0.29	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.29	0	0.00	0.00

Topographic position index (TPI)	−28.29 to −5.52	191895	10.00	4	9.76	0.98	3	7.32	0.73	4	9.76	0.98	3	7.32	0.73	4	9.76	0.98
	−5.51 to −3.50	191856	10.00	2	4.88	0.49	4	9.76	0.98	4	9.76	0.98	2	4.88	0.49	4	9.76	0.98
	−3.49 to −2.16	191884	10.00	2	4.88	0.49	3	7.32	0.73	1	2.44	0.24	4	9.76	0.98	1	2.44	0.24
	−2.15 to −1.15	191913	10.00	1	2.44	0.24	2	4.88	0.49	2	4.88	0.49	2	4.88	0.49	2	4.88	0.49
	−1.14 to −0.40	191973	10.01	1	2.44	0.24	1	2.44	0.24	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.24	0	0.00	0.00
	−0.39–0.00	222180	11.58	1	2.44	0.21	1	2.44	0.21	1	2.44	0.21	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.21
	0.01–1.00	184177	9.60	5	12.20	1.27	2	4.88	0.51	5	12.20	1.27	3	7.32	0.76	3	7.32	0.76
	1.01–3.43	184220	9.60	6	14.63	1.52	6	14.63	1.52	5	12.20	1.27	7	17.07	1.78	8	19.51	2.03
	3.44–7.28	184167	9.60	11	26.83	2.79	10	24.39	2.54	11	26.83	2.79	12	29.27	3.05	10	24.39	2.54
	7.29–30.27	184135	9.60	8	19.51	2.03	9	21.95	2.29	8	19.51	2.03	7	17.07	1.78	8	19.51	2.03

Stream power index (SPI)	0–0.30	956705	49.87	7	17.07	0.34	10	24.39	0.49	7	17.07	0.34	6	14.63	0.29	7	17.07	0.34
	0.31–0.64	195189	10.17	4	9.76	0.96	4	9.76	0.96	5	12.20	1.20	6	14.63	1.44	5	12.20	1.20
	0.65–1.08	191396	9.98	7	17.07	1.71	6	14.63	1.47	9	21.95	2.20	6	14.63	1.47	5	12.20	1.22
	1.09–1.59	191237	9.97	7	17.07	1.71	9	21.95	2.20	5	12.20	1.22	10	24.39	2.45	7	17.07	1.71
	1.60–2.34	191242	9.97	8	19.51	1.96	6	14.63	1.47	5	12.20	1.22	6	14.63	1.47	8	19.51	1.96
	2.35–12.74	192631	10.04	8	19.51	1.94	6	14.63	1.46	10	24.39	2.43	7	17.07	1.70	9	21.95	2.19

Topographic wetness index (TWI)	4.43–5.47	195462	10.19	23	56.10	5.51	21	51.22	5.03	23	56.10	5.51	22	53.66	5.27	18	43.90	4.31
	5.48–5.67	187422	9.77	9	21.95	2.25	8	19.51	2.00	8	19.51	2.00	12	29.27	3.00	11	26.83	2.75
	5.68–5.86	198082	10.33	1	2.44	0.24	5	12.20	1.18	1	2.44	0.24	1	2.44	0.24	2	4.88	0.47
	5.87–6.07	187444	9.77	4	9.76	1.00	2	4.88	0.50	2	4.88	0.50	1	2.44	0.25	3	7.32	0.75
	6.08–6.35	191019	9.96	4	9.76	0.98	4	9.76	0.98	6	14.63	1.47	5	12.20	1.22	6	14.63	1.47
	6.36–6.73	192213	10.02	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.24	1	2.44	0.24	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.24
	6.74–7.19	192409	10.03	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	7.20–7.66	191741	9.99	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	7.67–no data	382608	19.94	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Soil thickness (unit: cm)	<20	269442	14.05	2	4.88	0.35	2	4.88	0.35	3	7.32	0.52	2	4.88	0.35	2	4.88	0.35
	20−50	184425	9.61	6	14.63	1.52	7	17.07	1.78	6	14.63	1.52	5	12.20	1.27	8	19.51	2.03
	50−100	940929	49.05	25	60.98	1.24	23	56.10	1.14	25	60.98	1.24	25	60.98	1.24	24	58.54	1.19
	>100	451703	23.55	8	19.51	0.83	9	21.95	0.93	7	17.07	0.73	9	21.95	0.93	7	17.07	0.73
	No data	71901	3.75	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Soil material	Gneiss residuum	1076813	56.13	31	75.61	1.35	29	70.73	1.26	31	75.61	1.35	29	70.73	1.26	31	75.61	1.35
	Granite residuum	128052	6.67	1	2.44	0.37	2	4.88	0.73	2	4.88	0.73	2	4.88	0.73	2	4.88	0.73
	Acidic residuum	433895	22.62	7	17.07	0.75	9	21.95	0.97	6	14.63	0.65	9	21.95	0.97	7	17.07	0.75
	River	207739	10.83	2	4.88	0.45	1	2.44	0.23	2	4.88	0.45	1	2.44	0.23	1	2.44	0.23
	No data	71901	3.75	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Topography	Mountainous area	650359	33.90	8	19.51	0.58	11	26.83	0.79	10	24.39	0.72	8	19.51	0.58	12	29.27	0.86
	Fluvial plains area	202488	10.56	2	4.88	0.46	1	2.44	0.23	2	4.88	0.46	1	2.44	0.23	1	2.44	0.23
	Valley area	405521	21.14	8	19.51	0.92	10	24.39	1.15	7	17.07	0.81	11	26.83	1.27	8	19.51	0.92
	Hilly area	465206	24.25	23	56.10	2.31	18	43.90	1.81	21	51.22	2.11	21	51.22	2.11	19	46.34	1.91
	Alluvial fan area	35874	1.87	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	Piedmont slope area	81800	4.26	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.57	1	2.44	0.57	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.57
	Diluvium area	5251	0.27	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	No data	71901	3.75	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Timber diameter	Very small	35455	1.85	8	19.51	10.56	9	21.95	11.88	8	19.51	10.56	9	21.95	11.88	9	21.95	11.88
	Small	100945	5.26	12	29.27	5.56	12	29.27	5.56	10	24.39	4.64	12	29.27	5.56	13	31.71	6.03
	Medium	861368	44.90	19	46.34	1.03	19	46.34	1.03	23	56.10	1.25	19	46.34	1.03	18	43.90	0.98
	Large	33512	1.75	2	4.88	2.79	1	2.44	1.40	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	1.40	1	2.44	1.40
	No data	887120	46.24	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Timber density	Loose	39728	2.07	8	19.51	9.42	9	21.95	10.60	8	19.51	9.42	11	26.83	12.96	9	21.95	10.60
	Moderate	118023	6.15	7	17.07	2.78	8	19.51	3.17	8	19.51	3.17	9	21.95	3.57	7	17.07	2.78
	Dense	873529	45.53	26	63.41	1.39	24	58.54	1.29	25	60.98	1.34	23	56.10	1.23	25	60.98	1.34
	No data	887120	46.24	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Lithology	Qa	403382	21.03	2	4.88	0.23	1	2.44	0.12	1	2.44	0.12	2	4.88	0.23	1	2.44	0.12
	PCEggn	1946	0.10	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	PCEpgn	13277	0.69	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	PCEqf	257984	13.45	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	PCEbgn	1241811	64.73	39	95.12	1.47	40	97.56	1.51	40	97.56	1.51	39	95.12	1.47	40	97.56	1.51

Factor	Class	Number of pixels	% of class	6th TD			7th TD			8th TD			9th TD			10th TD
Factor	Class	Number of pixels	% of class	Number of landslides	% of landslide	FR	Number of landslides	% of landslide	FR	Number of landslides	% of landslide	FR	Number of landslides	% of landslide	FR	Number of landslides	% of landslide	FR

Gradient	0–4.52	587838	30.64	1	2.44	0.08	1	2.44	0.08	1	2.44	0.08	1	2.44	0.08	1	2.44	0.08
	4.53–7.26	193369	10.08	1	2.44	0.24	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.24	0	0.00	0.00	2	4.88	0.48
	7.27–11.30	184261	9.60	2	4.88	0.51	1	2.44	0.25	2	4.88	0.51	0	0.00	0.00	2	4.88	0.51
	11.31–15.79	199096	10.38	1	2.44	0.24	2	4.88	0.47	2	4.88	0.47	3	7.32	0.71	1	2.44	0.24
	15.80–18.44	185248	9.66	3	7.32	0.76	1	2.44	0.25	3	7.32	0.76	4	9.76	1.01	2	4.88	0.51
	18.45–21.80	196464	10.24	7	17.07	1.67	6	14.63	1.43	6	14.63	1.43	6	14.63	1.43	9	21.95	2.14
	21.81–26.33	182212	9.50	10	24.39	2.57	10	24.39	2.57	9	21.95	2.31	12	29.27	3.08	9	21.95	2.31
	26.34–62.53	189912	9.90	16	39.02	3.94	20	48.78	4.93	17	41.46	4.19	15	36.59	3.70	15	36.59	3.70

Plan curvature	Concave	440473	22.96	19	46.34	2.02	17	41.46	1.81	15	36.59	1.59	23	56.10	2.44	19	46.34	2.02
	Flat	1022631	53.31	7	17.07	0.32	7	17.07	0.32	9	21.95	0.41	7	17.07	0.32	11	26.83	0.50
	Convex	455296	23.73	15	36.59	1.54	17	41.46	1.75	17	41.46	1.75	11	26.83	1.13	11	26.83	1.13

Aspect	Flat	470201	24.51	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	N	200803	10.47	4	9.76	0.93	3	7.32	0.70	4	9.76	0.93	4	9.76	0.93	5	12.20	1.17
	NE	171081	8.92	3	7.32	0.82	2	4.88	0.55	5	12.20	1.37	3	7.32	0.82	3	7.32	0.82
	E	145731	7.60	8	19.51	2.57	7	17.07	2.25	4	9.76	1.28	8	19.51	2.57	5	12.20	1.61
	SE	160910	8.39	11	26.83	3.20	14	34.15	4.07	13	31.71	3.78	13	31.71	3.78	12	29.27	3.49
	S	178679	9.31	5	12.20	1.31	3	7.32	0.79	4	9.76	1.05	3	7.32	0.79	3	7.32	0.79
	SW	184698	9.63	1	2.44	0.25	4	9.76	1.01	5	12.20	1.27	3	7.32	0.76	3	7.32	0.76
	W	176440	9.20	3	7.32	0.80	6	14.63	1.59	3	7.32	0.80	3	7.32	0.80	4	9.76	1.06
	NW	229857	11.98	6	14.63	1.22	2	4.88	0.41	3	7.32	0.61	4	9.76	0.81	6	14.63	1.22

Midslope position (MSP)	0–0.13	192836	10.05	5	12.20	1.21	7	17.07	1.70	5	12.20	1.21	8	19.51	1.94	3	7.32	0.73
	0.14–0.25	192834	10.05	10	24.39	2.43	11	26.83	2.67	11	26.83	2.67	7	17.07	1.70	10	24.39	2.43
	0.26–0.35	192894	10.05	6	14.63	1.46	5	12.20	1.21	7	17.07	1.70	8	19.51	1.94	5	12.20	1.21
	0.36–0.47	192316	10.02	6	14.63	1.46	3	7.32	0.73	6	14.63	1.46	5	12.20	1.22	6	14.63	1.46
	0.48–0.57	197554	10.30	4	9.76	0.95	5	12.20	1.18	4	9.76	0.95	3	7.32	0.71	3	7.32	0.71
	0.58–0.67	190370	9.92	4	9.76	0.98	6	14.63	1.47	2	4.88	0.49	5	12.20	1.23	5	12.20	1.23
	0.68–0.77	191273	9.97	2	4.88	0.49	1	2.44	0.24	2	4.88	0.49	2	4.88	0.49	3	7.32	0.73
	0.78–0.83	189560	9.88	4	9.76	0.99	2	4.88	0.49	2	4.88	0.49	3	7.32	0.74	4	9.76	0.99
	0.84–0.90	219546	11.44	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.21	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.21
	0.91–1.00	159217	8.30	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.29	1	2.44	0.29	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.29

Topographic position index (TPI)	−28.29 to −5.52	191895	10.00	4	9.76	0.98	3	7.32	0.73	3	7.32	0.73	3	7.32	0.73	4	9.76	0.98
	−5.51 to −3.50	191856	10.00	3	7.32	0.73	2	4.88	0.49	3	7.32	0.73	2	4.88	0.49	3	7.32	0.73
	−3.49 to −2.16	191884	10.00	2	4.88	0.49	2	4.88	0.49	2	4.88	0.49	2	4.88	0.49	2	4.88	0.49
	−2.15 to −1.15	191913	10.00	1	2.44	0.24	1	2.44	0.24	1	2.44	0.24	1	2.44	0.24	1	2.44	0.24
	−1.14 to −0.40	191973	10.01	1	2.44	0.24	0	0.00	0.00	2	4.88	0.49	1	2.44	0.24	1	2.44	0.24
	−0.39–0.00	222180	11.58	1	2.44	0.21	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.21	0	0.00	0.00
	0.01–1.00	184177	9.60	3	7.32	0.76	5	12.20	1.27	4	9.76	1.02	2	4.88	0.51	3	7.32	0.76
	1.01–3.43	184220	9.60	8	19.51	2.03	9	21.95	2.29	8	19.51	2.03	8	19.51	2.03	10	24.39	2.54
	3.44–7.28	184167	9.60	9	21.95	2.29	10	24.39	2.54	11	26.83	2.79	12	29.27	3.05	10	24.39	2.54
	7.29–30.27	184135	9.60	9	21.95	2.29	9	21.95	2.29	7	17.07	1.78	9	21.95	2.29	7	17.07	1.78

Stream power index (SPI)	0–0.30	956705	49.87	9	21.95	0.44	8	19.51	0.39	8	19.51	0.39	10	24.39	0.49	8	19.51	0.39
	0.31–0.64	195189	10.17	2	4.88	0.48	6	14.63	1.44	5	12.20	1.20	5	12.20	1.20	4	9.76	0.96
	0.65–1.08	191396	9.98	7	17.07	1.71	4	9.76	0.98	6	14.63	1.47	4	9.76	0.98	9	21.95	2.20
	1.09–1.59	191237	9.97	8	19.51	1.96	10	24.39	2.45	12	29.27	2.94	8	19.51	1.96	9	21.95	2.20
	1.60–2.34	191242	9.97	8	19.51	1.96	8	19.51	1.96	6	14.63	1.47	9	21.95	2.20	7	17.07	1.71
	2.35–12.74	192631	10.04	7	17.07	1.70	5	12.20	1.21	4	9.76	0.97	5	12.20	1.21	4	9.76	0.97

Topographic wetness index (TWI)	4.43–5.47	195462	10.19	18	43.90	4.31	23	56.10	5.51	19	46.34	4.55	21	51.22	5.03	20	48.78	4.79
	5.48–5.67	187422	9.77	13	31.71	3.25	10	24.39	2.50	11	26.83	2.75	7	17.07	1.75	9	21.95	2.25
	5.68–5.86	198082	10.33	3	7.32	0.71	4	9.76	0.94	2	4.88	0.47	4	9.76	0.94	3	7.32	0.71
	5.87–6.07	187444	9.77	1	2.44	0.25	1	2.44	0.25	4	9.76	1.00	5	12.20	1.25	3	7.32	0.75
	6.08–6.35	191019	9.96	5	12.20	1.22	3	7.32	0.73	4	9.76	0.98	4	9.76	0.98	5	12.20	1.22
	6.36–6.73	192213	10.02	1	2.44	0.24	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.24	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.24
	6.74–7.19	192409	10.03	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	7.20–7.66	191741	9.99	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	7.67–no data	382608	19.94	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Soil thickness (unit: cm)	<20	269442	14.05	1	2.44	0.17	1	2.44	0.17	2	4.88	0.35	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.17
	20–50	184425	9.61	8	19.51	2.03	4	9.76	1.01	7	17.07	1.78	5	12.20	1.27	7	17.07	1.78
	50–100	940929	49.05	23	56.10	1.14	29	70.73	1.44	24	58.54	1.19	30	73.17	1.49	26	63.41	1.29
	>100	451703	23.55	9	21.95	0.93	7	17.07	0.73	8	19.51	0.83	6	14.63	0.62	7	17.07	0.73
	No data	71901	3.75	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Soil material	Gneiss residuum	1076813	56.13	29	70.73	1.26	33	80.49	1.43	29	70.73	1.26	32	78.05	1.39	31	75.61	1.35
	Granite residuum	128052	6.67	2	4.88	0.73	3	7.32	1.10	3	7.32	1.10	2	4.88	0.73	1	2.44	0.37
	Acidic residuum	433895	22.62	9	21.95	0.97	5	12.2	0.54	8	19.51	0.86	6	14.63	0.65	9	21.95	0.97
	River	207739	10.83	1	2.44	0.23	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.23	1	2.44	0.23	0	0.00.	0.00
	No data	71901	3.75	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Topography	Mountainous area	650359	33.90	13	31.71	0.94	11	26.83	0.79	12	29.27	0.86	11	26.83	0.79	11	26.83	0.79
	Fluvial plains area	202488	10.56	1	2.44	0.23	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.23	1	2.44	0.23	0	0.00	0.00
	Valley area	405521	21.14	10	24.39	1.15	8	19.51	0.92	10	24.39	1.15	8	19.51	0.92	9	21.95	1.04
	Hilly area	465206	24.25	16	39.02	1.61	22	53.66	2.21	17	41.46	1.71	21	51.22	2.11	20	48.78	2.01
	Alluvial fan area	35874	1.87	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	Piedmont slope area	81800	4.26	1	2.44	0.57	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.57	0	0.00	0.00	1	2.44	0.57
	Diluvium area	5251	0.27	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	No data	71901	3.75	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Timber diameter	Very small	35455	1.85	9	21.95	11.88	7	17.07	9.24	11	26.83	14.52	8	19.51	10.56	9	21.95	11.88
	Small	100945	5.26	11	26.83	5.10	14	34.15	6.49	11	26.83	5.10	12	29.27	5.56	13	31.71	6.03
	Medium	861368	44.90	20	48.78	1.09	18	43.90	0.98	17	41.46	0.92	20	48.78	1.09	18	43.90	0.98
	Large	33512	1.75	1	2.44	1.40	2	4.88	2.79	2	4.88	2.79	1	2.44	1.40	1	2.44	1.40
	No data	887120	46.24	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Timber density	Loose	39728	2.07	9	21.95	10.60	7	17.07	8.24	11	26.83	12.96	8	19.51	9.42	9	21.95	10.60
	Moderate	118023	6.15	8	19.51	3.17	11	26.83	4.36	7	17.07	2.78	7	17.07	2.78	12	29.27	4.76
	Dense	873529	45.53	24	58.54	1.29	23	56.10	1.23	23	56.10	0.00	26	63.41	1.39	20	48.78	1.07
	No data	887120	46.24	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	1.23	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00

Lithology	Qa	403382	21.03	1	2.44	0.12	3	7.32	0.35	3	7.32	0.35	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	PCEggn	1946	0.10	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	PCEpgn	13277	0.69	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	PCEqf	257984	13.45	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
	PCEbgn	1241811	64.73	40	97.56	1.51	38	92.68	1.43	38	92.68	1.43	41	100.00	1.54	41	100.00	1.54

Number of training data: 41 landslide occurrences. Abbreviations of Lithology. Qa: Alluvium; PCEggn: Granite Gneiss; PCEpgn: Porphyroblastic Gneiss; PCEqf: Quartzofeldspathic Gneiss; PCEbgn: Biotite Gneiss.