Alterations in Sensitivity to Estrogen, Dihydrotestosterone, and Xenogens in B-Lymphocytes from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Twins/Siblings

Table 4

Summary of differential hormone/hormone disruptor effects on B-cell growth.

Effector	Controls			AUT
	Pseudo-𝐾𝐷1	Pseudo-𝐾𝐷2	Max XTT/LDH	Pseudo-𝐾𝐷1	Pseudo-𝐾𝐷2	Max XTT/LDH
DHT	4 nM	>20 nM	22.8%	10 nM**	>20 nM	13.0%**
E2	0.75 nM	>2.1 nM	23.9%	0.45 nM**	>2.1 nM	14.7%**
DDE	15 nM	220 nM	23.8%	40 nM**	>250 nM	15.6%
DEHP	≈100 pM	>100 µM	18.4%	≈50 pM**	>100 µM	14.5%*
Nonylphenol	10 pM	>100 µM	29.4%	10 pM	>100 µM	20.4%**
Bis-Phenol A	<100 pM	100 µM	33.0%	<100 pM	>100 µM*	29.1%*
HO-PCB	0.5 pM	>250 nM	22.0%	<0.5 pM**	>250 nM	15.6%**

Table 4 shows the concentration of hormone/hormone disruptor that defines 50% of the slopes of the U-shaped proliferation curves and maximum recorded XTT/LDH%. **P < 0.01 or ∗<0.05% for AUT versus controls (ANOVA and post hoc analysis [20]).
ASD: autism spectrum disorder; AUT: B cells from individual with ASD; DDE: dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DEHP: di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; DHT: dihydrotestosterone; E2: estradiol; HO-PCB: hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls; 𝐾_𝐷: dissociation constant; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; XTT: 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide; XTT/LDH: ratio of XTT/LDH indicative of mitochondrial function per cell.