|
| Exposure to infectious pathogens | Affected cells | Associated solid cancer | Associated hematological malignancy |
|
| Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) | T-lymphocytes | | T-cell leukemia
T-cell lymphoma |
Hepatitis C virus
(Flavivirus) | Hepatocytes
B-lymphocytes | Hepatocarcinoma | B-cell lymphoma, plasma cell leukemia, MGUS, and myeloma |
| Hepatitis B virus (Hepadnavirus) | Hepatocytes | Hepatocarcinoma | |
Epstein-Barr virus
(human herpes virus 4) | B-lymphocytes | Nasopharynx | B-cell lymphoma
MGUS, and myeloma |
Human herpes virus 8
(herpes virus) | Fibroblasts
B-lymphocytes | Sarcoma | B-cell lymphoma, myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia |
Human herpes virus 2
(herpes virus) | Epithelial cells | Genital cancer | |
| Human papilloma (papilloma virus) | Epithelial cells | Genital cancer | |
| Helicobacter pylori (bacterium) | Epithelial cells | Gastric carcinoma | MALT lymphoma, MGUS, and myeloma |
| Borrelia burgdorferi (bacterium) | Keratinocytes, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, T-lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophages | | Skin lymphoma |
| Campylobacter jejuni (bacterium) | Intestinal cells | | Immunoproliferative small intestine disease (IPSID) |
| Chlamydia psittaci (bacterium) | Nasal and pulmonary cells | | Ocular adnexal lymphoma |
| Toxoplasma gondii (protozoon) | Macrophages | | Intraocular B-cell lymphoma |
| Schistosoma haematobium (Platyhelminthe, Trematoda) | | Bladder carcinoma | |
| Opisthorchis viverrini (Platyhelminthe, Trematoda) | | Bile duct carcinoma | |
Porphyromonas gingivalis
(bacterium) | | Gingival/mouth
cancer, pancreatic cancer? | |
|
| Exposure to toxics | Affected cells | Associated
solid cancer | Associated hematological disorder or malignancy |
|
| Tobacco | Epithelial cells | Lung cancer
Bladder cancer
Others | Chronic stimulation of myelopoiesis |
| Asbestos fibers (results in asbestosis, an inflammatory condition) | Mesothelial cells | Mesothelioma | |
| Pesticides | All | | Lymphoma |
| Benzene | All | Bladder cancer | Chronic myelogenous leukemia and other myeloid and lymphoid malignancies |
|
