Hypoxic Preconditioning Suppresses Glial Activation and Neuroinflammation in Neonatal Brain Insults

Figure 2

Hypoxia preconditioning inhibits microglial and astroglial activation in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain injury. Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) significantly induced microglial (first panel, CD11b) and astroglial activation (third panel, GFAP) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which was correlated with neuronal damage (as shown in Figure 1). Hypoxia preconditioning (HP + HI) diminished the activation of microglial (second panel, CD11b) and astroglial cells (fourth panel, GFAP) after hypoxia-ischemia injury. Based on morphological observations, most microglial cells in the representative section were in an activated state in HI group, but a ramified form (resting state) in the HP + HI group.