Information management includes multimedia data management, knowledge management, collaboration, and agents, all of which are supporting technologies for XML. XML technologies have an impact on multimedia databases as well as collaborative technologies and knowledge management. That is, e-commerce documents are encoded in XML and are gaining much popularity for business-to-business or business-to-consumer transactions. Recently, the internet sites, such as e-commerce sites and shopping mall sites, deal with a lot of image and multimedia information. This paper proposes an intelligent web digital image information retrieval platform, which adopts XML technology for social curation commerce environment. To support object-based content retrieval on product catalog images containing multiple objects, we describe multilevel metadata structures representing the local features, global features, and semantics of image data. To enable semantic-based and content-based retrieval on such image data, we design an XML-Schema for the proposed metadata. We also describe how to automatically transform the retrieval results into the forms suitable for the various user environments, such as web browser or mobile device, using XSLT. The proposed scheme can be utilized to enable efficient e-catalog metadata sharing between systems, and it will contribute to the improvement of the retrieval correctness and the user&#x2019;s satisfaction on semantic-based web digital image information retrieval.

Seong-Yong Hong

Sung-Joon Lee

An Intelligent Web Digital Image Metadata Service Platform for Social Curation Commerce Environment

The effect of wind distribution on the architectural domain of the Bahrain Trade Centre was numerically analysed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Using the numerical data, the power generation potential of the building-integrated wind turbines was determined in response to the prevailing wind direction. The three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations along with the momentum and continuity equations were solved for obtaining the velocity and pressure field. Simulating a reference wind speed of 6&#x2009;m/s, the findings from the study quantified an estimate power generation of 6.4&#x2009;kW indicating a capacity factor of 2.9&#x25; for the benchmark model. At the windward side of the building, it was observed that the layers of turbulence intensified in inverse proportion to the height of the building with an average value of 0.45&#x2009;J/kg. The air velocity was found to gradually increase in direct proportion to the elevation with the turbine located at higher altitude receiving maximum exposure to incoming wind. This work highlighted the potential of using advanced computational fluid dynamics in order to factor wind into the design of any architectural environment.

Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry

John Kaiser Calautit

Ben Richard Hughes

Computational Analysis to Factor Wind into the Design of an Architectural Environment

Compression test was carried out and the true stress-strain curves were obtained from the hot compression of 7085 alloy. A numerical simulation on the deformation behavior of 7085 aluminum alloy during the backward extrusion was also performed by finite element method. The results show that dynamic recrystallization occurs in the hot compression of 7085 alloy and the peak stress reaches higher values as the strain rate increases and deformation temperature decreases. The backward extrusion processes include contact deformation, initial deformation, and steady deformation. Severe plastic deformation of shear and compression occurs when the metal flowed into the channel between fillet of punch and wall of die so that the grain size can be refined by backward extrusion. The deformation in the region of top of wall is too small to meet the mechanical properties of requirements and the metal usually needs to be trimmed. The experiments with the same parameters as simulation had been carried out and the experimental cup after extrusion has better quality.

R. B. Mei

Y. X. Du

L. Bao

X. Y. Zhang

B. Zhang

Z. J. Zhou

Study on Hot Deformation Behavior of 7085 Aluminum Alloy during Backward Extrusion Process

In order to study the cooling effect of the crushed-rocks embankment, the permeability and the inertial resistance coefficient were measured by the wind tunnel test of spheres with a diameter of 20&#x2009;cm, and then the stabilities of the closed crushed-rocks embankment with the wide pavement, the closed crushed-rocks embankment with the narrow pavement, and the duct-ventilated and closed crushed-rocks embankment were calculated. In the next 50 years, assuming that the temperature in Qinghai-Tibet plateau will rise by 2.6&#xb0;C condition, the cooling effects of these three special high-grade embankment structures were studied. The test results and the numerical calculation results show that the relationship between pressure gradient and seepage velocity in the spheres layer diverges completely from Darcy&#x2019;s law, and it shows a nice quadratic nonlinear relationship. Stabilities of those two closed crushed-rock embankments without the duct-ventilated structure could be destroyed because of the high permafrost temperature under embankments. The duct-ventilated and closed crushed-rocks embankment can cool down the permafrost effectively and raise the permafrost table and ensure the long-term thermal stability of permafrost under road.

Dongqing Li

Kun Zhang

Gangqiang Tong

Feng Ming

Xing Huang

Analysis on Cooling Effect of Crushed-Rocks Embankment of Qinghai-Tibet High-Grade Road

We propose a new algorithm to build self-organizing and self-repairing marine structures on the ocean floor, where humans and remotely operated robots cannot operate. The proposed algorithm is based on the one-dimensional cellular automata model and uses simple transition rules to produce various complex patterns. This cellular automata model can produce various complex patterns like sea shells with simple transition rules. The model can simulate the marine structure construction process with distributed cooperation control instead of central control. Like living organism is constructed with module called cell, we assume that the self-organized structure consists of unified modules (structural units). The units pile up at the bottom of the sea and a structure with the appropriate shape eventually emerges. Using the attribute of emerging patterns in the one-dimensional cellular automata model, we construct specific structures based on the local interaction of transition rules without using complex algorithms. Furthermore, the model requires smaller communication data among the units because it only relies on communication between adjacent structural units. With the proposed algorithm, in the future, it will be possible to use self-assembling structural modules without complex built-in computers.

Takeshi Ishida

Self-Organizing Construction Method of Offshore Structures by Cellular Automata Model

Solid particle erosion is a mechanical process that removes material by the impact of solid particles entrained in the flow. Erosion is a leading cause of failure of oil and gas pipelines and fittings in fluid handling industries. Different approaches have been used to control or minimize damage caused by erosion in particulated gas-solid or liquid-solid flows. S-bend geometry is widely used in different fluid handling equipment that may be susceptible to erosion damage. The results of a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of diluted gas-solid and liquid-solid flows in an S-bend are presented in this paper. In addition to particle impact velocity, the bend radius may have significant influence on the magnitude and the location of erosion. CFD analysis was performed at three different air velocities (15.24&#x2009;m/s&#x2013;45.72&#x2009;m/s) and three different water velocities (0.1&#x2009;m/s&#x2013;10&#x2009;m/s) with entrained solid particles. The particle sizes used in the analysis range between 50 and 300 microns. Maximum erosion was observed in water with 10&#x2009;m/s, 250-micron particle size, and a ratio of 3.5. The location of maximum erosion was observed in water with 10&#x2009;m/s, 300-micron particle size, and a ratio of 3.5. Comparison of CFD results with available literature data showed reasonable and good agreement.

Quamrul H. Mazumder

Siwen Zhao

Kawshik Ahmed

Effect of Bend Radius on Magnitude and Location of Erosion in S-Bend

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Modelling and Simulation in Engineering aims to provide a forum for the discussion of formalisms, methodologies and simulation tools which relate to the modelling and simulation of human-centred engineering systems.

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Modelling and Simulation in Engineering