Neural Plasticity

Research Article

Traumatic Brain Injury and Substance Related Disorder: A 10-Year Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan

Table 5

Incidence rates and hazard ratios of different substance related disorder risk in patients of TBI compared those without TBI.


Variables	Patients with TBI		Patients without TBI		Compared to non-TBI
Variables	Event	Rate	Event	Rate	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR (95% CI)

Overall substance related disorder	340	1.97	118	0.41	5.71 (4.58–7.12)	3.62 (2.87–4.57)
Alcohol abuse	127	0.73	25	0.09	8.72 (5.60–13.58)	6.22 (3.94–9.84)
Illicit drug use	166	0.96	84	0.29	4.19 (3.17–5.53)	2.47 (1.83–3.32)
Combined alcohol and illicit drug use	47	0.27	9	0.03	8.89 (4.29–18.43)	5.19 (2.43–11.10)

Rate, incidence rate per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
Model adjusted for age, gender, income, urbanization level, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and relevant comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and malignancy).
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