Background. The prevalence of self-medication has increased dramatically worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the reasons for self-medication from the perspective of Iranian nursing students. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method. Fifteen nursing students were selected by the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected by in-depth semistructured interviews. Qualitative content analysis method was used for data analysis. The MAXQDA software was used for data management. Results. Data saturation was achieved with fifteen interviews with nine women and six men, with a mean age of 26.5&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;4.8 years. The reasons for self-medication were explained in five categories and fifteen subcategories. Some of the reasons for self-medication were having medication information, having previous experience, easy access to medicine, lack of enough time, access to medical staff, cost of a doctor&#x2019;s visit, inadequate respect for patient privacy, pharmaceutical advertising in the media, and information explosion. Discussion. Several factors are involved in self-medication. Given the dangers of self-medication, health policymakers must adopt strict policies for pharmacies that sell drugs without a prescription. Furthermore, it is helpful to run training courses on self-medication risks for students.

Maryam Janatolmakan

Alireza Abdi

Bahareh Andayeshgar

Ali Soroush

Alireza Khatony

The Reasons for Self-Medication from the Perspective of Iranian Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study

Aim. To gain more knowledge of caregiver strain in the Life After Stroke Trial (LAST) population. Methods. This is a substudy of the LAST study, including all caregivers&#x2019; reports of perceived Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) at inclusion and 18-month follow-up irrespective of group allocation. The checklist &#x201c;STROBE Statement&#x2014;Checklist of items that should be included in reports of cohort studies&#x201d; was used. Caregivers to adults (age &#x2265;18 years), here defined as the person living with, a patient with a first-ever or recurrent stroke, community dwelling, with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) &#x3c;5 and no serious comorbidities, was invited to fill out the Caregiver Strain Index at three months (10&#x2013;16 weeks) poststroke. Domains indicating differences of change in perceived strain in the total sample were analyzed in a linear regression analysis. Results. Caregiver strain (n&#x2009;&#x3d;&#x2009;147) varying from 5&#x0025; to 27&#x0025; was reported by the caregivers at baseline and between 2&#x0025; to18&#x0025; at 18-month follow-up. The items indicating the highest level of strain at baseline and 18 months were as follows: &#x201c;Care giving is confining,&#x201d; &#x201c;There have been changes in personal plans,&#x201d; &#x201c;There have been emotional adjustments,&#x201d; and &#x201c;I feel completely overwhelmed.&#x201d; The samples were divided into age groups 0&#x2013;79&#x2009;years and 80&#x2013;100 years, indicating a higher strain on the caregiver for persons 80&#x2013;100&#x2009;years at 18 months. Conclusion. Caregiver strain was relatively low both at baseline and at 18-month follow-up. Main caregiver strains were reported in terms of a sense of confinement, a tendency of emotional strain, and the altering of plans at both time points. Depression was one of the main explanatory factors for the perceived caregiver strain. The perception of caregiver strain was higher in age groups 80&#x2013;100&#x2009;years than age groups 0&#x2013;79&#x2009;years.

Birgitta Langhammer

Hege Ihle Hansen

Bent Indredavik

Torunn Askim

Perceived Caregiver Strain, 3- and 18-Month Poststroke, in a Cohort of Caregivers from the Life after Stroke Trial (LAST)

Aim. The aim of this study was to obtain insights from patients and their family members on how families are living with atrial fibrillation. Background. Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is often described as an emerging global epidemic affecting an estimated 33.5 million people worldwide. Living with atrial fibrillation not only affects the patient but also may negatively influence family members&#x2019; perceived health. The perspective of the family has previously been understudied, and more knowledge on how patients and their family members cope and adjust to life with atrial fibrillation may be helpful when developing future support for patients and their family members when coping with atrial fibrillation. Methods. A qualitative phenomenological study with an inductive, descriptive research approach based on Giorgi&#x2019;s descriptive method was used. Data were gathered through 12 dyadic family interviews. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research checklist was followed while conducting the study. Results. Three major themes emerged: emotional differences, changes in family life, and uncertainty about the future. Atrial fibrillation had multiple effects on the family. Frequently, several adjustments and adaptations had to be made to accommodate life with atrial fibrillation. Conclusion. Patients with atrial fibrillation and their family members feel a need to talk about their emotions and worries. They required support and guidance to manage the challenges of living with atrial fibrillation. These results will be used in a family-focused intervention designed to support families in adjusting and managing their everyday lives with atrial fibrillation.

Stine Rosenstr&#xf8;m

Signe Stelling Risom

Jens Dahlgaard Hove

Anne Br&#xf8;dsgaard

Living with Atrial Fibrillation: A Family Perspective

Background. The nursing practice environment supports excellence and decent work and has the influence to entice and retain the quality nursing workforce. Appreciating the dynamics that affect the turnover intention of RNs offer reasonable solutions to the challenges of the nursing shortage, which directly influence the quality of nursing care. There is a paucity of information on the impacts of these concepts among RNs in Sub-Saharan African. The study therefore aimed at determining the impacts of work environment and burnout on turnover intentions among RNs in Ghana. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional design using a simple random and proportionate stratified sampling with a sample of 232 RNs from Municipal and Regional Hospitals, Sunyani, West-Central part of Ghana completed validated instruments measuring work environment, burnout, and turnover intentions. Descriptive analysis was done to find out RNs’ perceptions of their work environment and turnover intentions. Mediation analysis by Baron and Kenny’s approach was used to determine the mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between the domains of PPE and the turnover intention of RNs. STROBE checklist was used as the reporting tool. Results. While most RNs had a positive perception about their work environment, greater number of them had turnover intentions. There were significant associations between some nursing work environment facets and turnover intention. The results also showed a statistically significant relationship between nurse-physician relation (β = .353, t = 5.476, <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" id="M1" height="10.2124pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -6.78297 7.83752 10.2124" width="7.83752pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-113" d="M570 304C570 398 525 448 414 448C385 448 343 445 312 434L329 511L321 518C297 504 262 482 244 460L233 411C195 397 159 381 128 358L135 332C160 347 189 360 224 373L111 -147C97 -210 84 -218 17 -231L13 -257L254 -247L259 -218L233 -216C183 -212 177 -202 189 -142L218 -1C238 -10 266 -12 283 -12C351 3 429 48 483 105C543 168 570 242 570 304ZM482 289C482 161 380 33 304 33C278 33 248 51 233 69L303 396C326 400 352 403 369 403C428 403 482 380 482 289Z"/></g></svg> ≤ .001), nurse manager leadership (β = −0.485, t = −8.192, <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" id="M2" height="10.2124pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -6.78297 7.83752 10.2124" width="7.83752pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-113"/></g></svg> ≤ .001), nursing foundation for quality care (β = .400, t = 7.059, <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" id="M3" height="10.2124pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -6.78297 7.83752 10.2124" width="7.83752pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-113"/></g></svg> ≤ .001), staffing and resource adequacy on (β = 0.485, t = 8.183, <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" id="M4" height="10.2124pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -6.78297 7.83752 10.2124" width="7.83752pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-113"/></g></svg> ≤ .001), and turnover intention as mediated by burnout. Conclusion. Burnout resulting from an unsafe work environment impact RNs’ turnover intention. This phenomenon can potentially affect the human resource management and quality of nursing care. Policy strategies aimed at ensuring a professional practice environment and decreased burnout can therefore improve retention of RNs at their workplace.

Collins Atta Poku

Ernestina Donkor

Florence Naab

Impacts of Nursing Work Environment on Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Burnout in Ghana

Agnes Makhene

Use of Foundational Knowledge as a Basis to Facilitate Critical Thinking: Nurse Educators&#x2019; Perceptions

Background. Complications of peripheral intravenous catheters cause problems in clinical practice and bring high costs in terms of morbidity and mortality of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of failed first peripheral intravenous catheters among adult patients in selected Public Referral Hospitals of West Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021. Materials and Methods. An institution-based prospective observational study was conducted among 423 adult patients from January to February 2021. Patients were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. The data were collected using interviewer-based, structured questionnaires and observational checklists. EPI-DATA 3.1 and SPSS version-23 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Frequency, percentages, and means were calculated. The outcome variable was determined and graded based on phlebitis and infiltration scales. Binary and multivariable logistics regressions were computed. Results. Four hundred and seventeen first peripheral cannula sites from 418 patients were followed for 2,565 peripheral catheter hours. A failed first peripheral intravenous catheter was observed in 124 (29.7&#x0025;, CI: 25.6&#x2013;34) adult patients. Patients who were female (AOR&#x2009;&#x3d;&#x2009;0.4, 95&#x0025; CI: 0.22&#x2013;0.74) had cannula duration of 49&#x2013;72 hours (AOR&#x2009;&#x3d;&#x2009;0.31, 95&#x0025; CI: 0.14&#x2013;0.7) and 73&#x2013;96 hours (AOR&#x2009;&#x3d;&#x2009;0.39, 95&#x0025; CI: 0.17&#x2013;0.9), and patients who had been given electrolytes (AOR&#x2009;&#x3d;&#x2009;0.31, 95&#x0025; CI: 0.11&#x2013;0.86) were more likely to have failed first peripheral intravenous cannula. Conclusions. Failed first peripheral intravenous cannula is much higher as compared to the acceptable rate of &#x2264;5&#x0025; by the Infusion Nurses Society. Hence, all patients with peripheral intravenous catheters are screened for catheter failure at least once a day. Providing appropriate nursing care and patient education is also required to reduce the risks.

Chanyalew Worku Kassahun

Addisu Taye Abate

Zewdu Baye Tezera

Debrewok Tesgera Beshah

Chilot Desta Agegnehu

Mehmmed Adem Getnet

Hailemichael Kindie Abate

Birhaneslasie Gebeyehu Yazew

Mahlet Temesgen Alemu

Incidence and Associated Factors of Failed First Peripheral Intravenous Catheters among Adult Patients at Medical Surgical Wards in Public Referral &#x2009;Hospitals of West Amhara, Ethiopia, 2021

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Nursing Research and Practice focuses on all areas of nursing and midwifery. The journal focuses on sharing data and information to support evidence-based practice.

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Nursing Research and Practice - Table of contents 2022

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Nursing Research and Practice focuses on all areas of nursing and midwifery. The journal focuses on sharing data and information to support evidence-based practice.

Nursing Research and Practice