The Influence of Nrf2 on Cardiac Responses to Environmental Stressors

Figure 1

(a) Heart rate (HR, bpm) responses in 𝑁𝑟𝑓2^−/− and 𝑁𝑟𝑓2^+/+ mice following aspiration of either ultrafine particulate matter (UF-PM, <0.1 μm) in saline or saline alone. Significant overall effects between treatment and genotype were found (𝑃<0.05; Table 1). (b) Low frequency heart rate variability (HRV, ms²/Hz) responses in 𝑁𝑟𝑓2^−/− and 𝑁𝑟𝑓2^+/+ mice following aspiration of either ultrafine particulate matter (UF-PM, <0.1 μm) in saline or saline alone. Significant overall effects between treatments only were found (𝑃<0.05; Table 1). (c) High frequency (HF) heart rate variability (HRV, ms²/Hz) responses in 𝑁𝑟𝑓2^−/− and 𝑁𝑟𝑓2^+/+ mice following aspiration of either ultrafine particulate matter (UF-PM, <0.1 μm) in saline or saline alone. Significant overall effects between treatment and genotype were found (𝑃<0.05; Table 1). (d) Low frequency (LF) heart rate variability (HRV, ms²/Hz) responses in 𝑁𝑟𝑓2^−/− and 𝑁𝑟𝑓2^+/+ mice following aspiration of either ultrafine particulate matter (UF-PM, <0.1 μm) in saline or saline alone. Significant overall effects between treatment and genotype were found (𝑃<0.05; Table 1). Group means ± SEM are presented (𝑛=4/group).

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